An archegonium (pl: archegonia), from the ancient Greek ἀρχή (“beginning”) and γόνος (“offspring”), is a multicellular structure or organ of the gametophyte phase of certain plants , producing and containing the ovum or female gamete.
What generation is the archegonium?
Description: Drawing of a homosporous fern’s life cycle. The dominant part of the life cycle, i.e., the plant that is recognized as a fern, represents the sporophyte generation .
How is archegonium produced?
Each antheridium produces numerous sperm. The eggs are produced in tiny, typically somewhat flask-like structures called archegonia. Each archegonium holds one egg (in a swollen section called the venter) and the sperm enter through the channel in the narrower, tubular section (or neck) .
What is the archegonium in bryophytes?
archegonium (pl. archegonia) The multicellular flask-shaped female sex organ of bryophytes, clubmosses, horsetails, ferns, and many gymnosperms. Such plants are described as archegoniate to distinguish them from algae, which do not possess archegonia. The dilated base, the venter, contains the oosphere (female gamete).
What are parts of archegonium?
archegonium, the female reproductive organ in ferns and mosses. An archegonium also occurs in some gymnosperms, e.g., cycads and conifers. A flask-shaped structure, it consists of a neck, with one or more layers of cells, and a swollen base—the venter—which contains the egg .
Are archegonia and archegonium same?
The female sex organ in non-flowering plants is the archegonium, with archegonia being the plural form .
What reproductive cells develop from archegonia?
At maturity, archegonia each contain one egg, and antheridia produce many sperm cells . Because the egg is retained and fertilized within the archegonium, the early stages of the developing sporophyte are protected and nourished by the gametophytic tissue.
Do archegonia undergo meiosis?
The female has ARCHEGONIA, analogous to ovaries, and the male has ANTHERIDIA, analogous to testes. Inside each of these sex organs, gametes are produced (ova in the archegonia; sperm in the antheridia) via MITOSIS. ( If you’re already haploid, you can’t undergo meiosis .)
Does archegonium produce spores?
The zygote and resulting sporophyte will develop and grow out of the archegonia on top of the gametophyte. When mature, a spore generating structure (sporangium), called a capsule, forms at the top of the sporophyte .
Which organisms have archegonia as well as seed formation in their life cycles?
So, the correct answer is, ‘ Bryophytes, pteridophytes and gymnosperms .
Where are the archegonia in angiosperms?
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What is made by the gametophyte generation?
The sexual phase, called the gametophyte generation, produces gametes, or sex cells , and the asexual phase, or sporophyte generation, produces spores asexually. In terms of chromosomes, the gametophyte is haploid (has a single set of chromosomes), and the sporophyte is diploid (has a double set).
Do bryophytes have archegonia?
Bryophytes and gymnosperm have archegonia (plural form). Pteridophytes have also archegonium but are highly reduced.
In which of the following archegonium is absent?
In angiosperms, archegonia and antheridia are absent. So, the correct answer is option D, angiosperms.
Is the archegonium haploid?
produced in archegonia (sing., archegonium), and sperm are produced in antheridia (sing., antheridium). These haploid gametes are formed by mitosis. The gametes fuse, usually by the entrance of the sperm into the archegonium, forming a diploid zygote, the first stage of the diploid sporo- phyte generation .
What is archegonium Class 11?
(iii) Archegonium : It is multicellular, jacketed, flask shaped female sex organ in bryophytes, pteridophytes and gymnosperms . It has a neck and swollen venter and produces a single female gamete called egg or ovum or oosphere.
How do you pronounce archegonia?
Are archegonia and antheridia on the same plant?
Antheridia vs Archegonia
Antheridia are the male sex organ of algae, ferns, mosses, fungi and certain plants. Archegonia are the female sex organ of algae, ferns, mosses, fungi and certain plants (conifers). Antheridia are male reproductive structures. Archegonia are female reproductive structures.
How are sterile jackets developed around archegonia in bryophytes?
Archegonium:-The archegonium consists of a stalk, a venter surround the egg, and a long neck. The neck is filled with canal cells. The sterile jacket has a cap cell which disintegrates when turgor pressure rises . All cells of the archegonium, including the egg cell, are produced by mitosis of haploid gametophyte cells.
What structure grows from the archegonia after fertilization?
(4) When fertilization occurs, a zygote forms and develops into an embryo within the archegonium. (5) The embryo eventually grows larger than the gametophyte and becomes a sporophyte . The site of origin of the sporangia is the receptacle; the latter, with its groups of sporangia, is called a sorus.
Are mosses Homosporous or heterosporous?
Mosses are both homosporous and heterosporous depending on the species of moss . In most cases, mosses are normally heterosporous that produce two different gametophytes. There are however some instances where they are homosporous that produce only one gametophyte that will be male or female.
Where does meiosis occur in lichens?
It is the binucleate mycelium that eventually forms the basidia —the stalked fruiting bodies in which nuclear fusion and meiosis take place prior to the formation of the basidiospores.
