As it trickles down, it contacts ambient air rising up through the tower either by natural draft or by forced draft using large fans in the tower. That contact causes a small amount of the water to be lost as windage or drift (W) and some of the water (E) to evaporate.
What are the factors affecting cooling of water in cooling tower?
- Dry bulb and wet bulb temperature of the air.
- Capacity C.
- Range.
- Approach.
- Efficiency of contact between air and water.
- Heat load.
What affects the capacity of a cooling tower?
The cooling tower’s capacity is the product of the mass flow rate of water, specific heat, and temperature difference . This can also be expressed as heat rejected in kCal/hr (Btu/h). Evaporation loss. This is the amount of water that is evaporated during the cooling process.
What is one of the factors that directly affects the performance of the cooling tower?
Cooling tower performance depends on four factors (1) Range; (2) Heat load ; (3) Ambient wet-bulb temperature or relative humidity and (4) Approach. Range is the temperature difference between the hot water inlet and cold water outlet at the tower.
How tall are water cooling towers?
Cooling towers vary in size from small roof-top units to very large hyperboloid structures (as in the adjacent image) that can be up to 200 metres (660 ft) tall and 100 metres (330 ft) in diameter, or rectangular structures that can be over 40 metres (130 ft) tall and 80 metres (260 ft) long.
What are five factors that affect the efficiency of a cooling tower?
List five factors that affect the efficiency of a cooling tower. Relative humidity and wet bulb temperature, velocity of the wind, temperature, design of the tower, instrument problems .
Which type of cooling tower is more efficient?
Liquid-cooled chillers are normally more energy efficient than air-cooled chillers due to heat rejection to tower water at or near wet-bulb temperatures. Air-cooled chillers must reject heat at the higher dry-bulb temperature, and thus have a lower average reverse-Carnot cycle effectiveness.
What are the different types of cooling towers?
There are three main types of cooling towers that are defined by how water or air pass through them. These types include crossflow, counterflow, and hyperbolic . There are also two varieties classified solely on airflow, known as induced draft and passive draft cooling towers.
What causes the air to flow through an induced draft cooling tower?
As the water flows through the cooling tower, it is exposed to air, which is being pulled through the tower by an induced draft fan or pushed by a forced draft fan. The cooled water is then pumped back to the process equipment, where it absorbs heat.
What is the application of cooling tower?
Cooling towers are primarily used for heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) and industrial purposes . Cooling towers provide a cost-effective and energy efficient operation of systems in need of cooling. More than 1,500 industrial facilities use large quantities of water to cool their plants 2 .
Are cooling towers still used?
As they continue to be part of our energy mix, the cooling tower will remain an icon of electricity generation for the time being.
Do cooling towers emit CO2?
They estimate over 7 gigatons of CO2 can be captured annually with cooling towers in the U.S. Noya can capture CO2 cheaper than any other DAC competitor.
What industries use cooling towers?
The primary industries that use cooling towers include petroleum refineries , chemical manufacturing plants, primary metals processing plants, glass manufacturing plants, rubber products manufacturing plants, tobacco products manufacturing plants, and textile manufacturing plants.
Which one of the following has maximum effect on cooling tower performance?
Explanation: Natural Draft is where air circulates naturally without any external force, and the atmospheric draft is a type of natural draft. So, the mechanical draft is the type of cooling tower which gives the maximum heat transfer due to usage of fans for the circulation.
How can we increase the efficiency of a cooling tower?
Simple repairs like a change to the water piping can help you mange your energy consumption. Changing one pipe to discharge blowdown water to return hot water can improve the overall energy efficiency of the cooling system by up to 2%. It’s important to handle the equipment carefully, however.
How does wet bulb temperature affect cooling tower performance?
This means that for a clean, properly functioning tower, wet bulb temperature does not affect cooling tower range. Consequently, in practice, for a given water flowrate and heat load, if wet bulb temperature increases, tower inlet and outlet temperature increase proportionally . The result is an unchanged range.
