Emotion and memory are powerful influences on both our thoughts and behaviors. Sensations and information are received by our brains, filtered through emotions and memories, and processed to become thoughts.
What was the most controversial claim in Arthur?
What was the most controversial claim in Arthur Jensen’s article, “How Much Can We Boost I.Q. and Achievement?” Level II intelligence is most prevalent among Asians, followed by Caucasians, then African Americans.
What did the Minnesota study of twins reared apart suggest about intelligence the findings from this study ____?
The Minnesota researchers found that about 70 percent of IQ variation across the twin population was due to genetic differences among people , and 30 percent was due to environmental differences.
What are developed through your experiences and can be developed from either direct or indirect experiences?
Natural concepts are created “naturally” through your experiences and can be developed from either direct or indirect experiences. For example, if you live in Essex Junction, Vermont, you have probably had a lot of direct experience with snow.
Which researcher suggested that language determines thought?
Edward Sapir and his pupil Benjamin Lee Whorf developed the hypothesis that language influences thought rather than the reverse. The strong form of the Sapir–Whorf hypothesis claims that people from different cultures think differently because of differences in their languages.
What is Jensen theory?
Jensen accepts Spearman’s idea of a general factor in human intelligence , and his own theory divides intelligence into two distinct sets of abilities: Level I abilities account for memory functions and simple associative learning, and Level II abilities comprise abstract reasoning and conceptual thought.
How Much Can We Boost IQ and achievement?
“How Much Can We Boost IQ and Achievement?” is a 1969 article by Arthur Jensen published in the Harvard Educational Review. It is among the most controversial in American psychology, and was largely responsible for initiating the current debate over race and intelligence.
What was the reason that the Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart focused on the similarities and differences between monozygotic twins?
What was the reason that the Minnesota study of twins reared apart focused on the similarities and differences between monozygotic twins? The Minnesota Twins Study focused on monozygotic or identical twins because they shared 100% of their inherited genes.
What does Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart?
The research team found that identical twins who are reared apart had the same chance of being similar as twins who were raised together. Bouchard and his colleagues concluded that genetic factors have a large influence on behavioral habits demonstrating the influence of the genetics on development .
What did the Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart suggest about intelligence the findings from the study blank quizlet?
What does the Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart show? Concordance rate for IQ between monozygotic twins reared together (MZT) was approximately 88%. Similarity rates between monozygotic twins raised apart was at 69%.
What makes a person intelligent psychology?
human intelligence, mental quality that consists of the abilities to learn from experience, adapt to new situations, understand and handle abstract concepts, and use knowledge to manipulate one’s environment .
What is the meaning of convergent thinking?
Convergent thinking occurs when the solution to a problem can be deduced by applying established rules and logical reasoning . This type of reasoning involves solving a problem within the context of known information and narrowing down the solution based on logical inference.
How concepts and prototypes influence our thinking?
Concepts and their corresponding prototypes help us quickly organize our thinking by creating categories into which we can sort new information . We also develop schemata, which are clusters of related concepts.
How does thought influence the use of language?
The main use of language is to transfer thoughts from one mind, to another mind . The bits of linguistic information that enter into one person’s mind, from another, cause people to entertain a new thought with profound effects on his world knowledge, inferencing, and subsequent behavior.
How does language influence the way we think?
Languages do not limit our ability to perceive the world or to think about the world, but they focus our perception, attention, and thought on specific aspects of the world . ... So, different languages focus the attention of their speakers on different aspects of the environment—either physical or cultural.
Does language influence thought or does thought influence language?
Language does not completely determine our thoughts —our thoughts are far too flexible for that—but habitual uses of language can influence our habit of thought and action. For instance, some linguistic practice seems to be associated even with cultural values and social institution.
What determines our intelligence?
Many studies rely on a measure of intelligence called the intelligence quotient (IQ). ... Intelligence is also strongly influenced by the environment . Factors related to a child’s home environment and parenting, education and availability of learning resources, and nutrition, among others, all contribute to intelligence.
How could I increase my IQ?
- Memory activities. ...
- Executive control activities. ...
- Visuospatial reasoning activities. ...
- Relational skills. ...
- Musical instruments. ...
- New languages. ...
- Frequent reading. ...
- Continued education.
Where does high intelligence come from?
We found that high intelligence is familial, heritable, and caused by the same genetic and environmental factors responsible for the normal distribution of intelligence .
Does heredity or the environment have more influence over an individual’s level of intelligence?
While it is true that heredity has a great effect on an individual’s level of intelligence, research suggests that environment has the most influence of the two factors.
Can IQ be improved by education?
An extra year of schooling can noticeably increase a person’s IQ , research suggests. Researchers have found that an extra year of schooling leads to a small but noticeable increase in intelligence scores. The study provides the strongest evidence yet that education raises intelligence test scores.
What is level of intelligence?
| IQ Range (“ratio IQ”) IQ Classification | Above 140 “Near” genius or genius | 120–140 Very superior intelligence | 110–120 Superior intelligence | 90–110 Normal, or average, intelligence |
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Why might the study of twins who were raised together and twins who were raised apart be helpful in distinguishing the effects of heredity and environment?
Twins reared apart help identify genetic and environmental influences on behavioral development (Segal, 2012). Monozygotic twins reared apart (MZA) allow direct estimates of genetic effects on behavior and health, because they share all their genes, but differ in their environments.
What research methods were used in the Minnesota Twin Study?
Twin study by Bouchard et al.
Methods were triangulated, either using researcher triangulation or methodological triangulation . For instance, when measuring IQ, three different IQ tests were used to gather and triangulate the data. And two different researchers conducted similar tests on the same participants.
What can studying twins tell us about the genetic influence on a particular trait quizlet?
Twin studies allow researchers to examine the overall role of genes in the development of a trait or disorder . ... If MZ twins show more similarity on a given trait compared to DZ twins, this provides evidence that genes significantly influence that trait.
What are the effects of separating twins at birth?
The separations had some impact on their feelings of sadness and loneliness and depression as children ,” she said, “so I can’t know that, but they believe it.” There may be other children, now adults, who have no idea they were separated from their identical siblings or part of this study.
What does the Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart suggest about intelligence the findings from the study?
Scientists who research this topic typically use twin studies to determine the heritability of intelligence. The Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart is one of the most well-known twin studies. ... The findings from this study reveal a genetic component to intelligence .
Which of the following was the main result of the Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart quizlet?
What were the results of the Minnesota Twin Study? Concordance rate for IQ between monozygotic twins reared together (MZT) was approximately 88%. Similarity rates between monozygotic twins raised apart was at 69%.
What was the goal of the experiment done on the Minnesota twins?
Its original goal was to establish a registry of all twins born in Minnesota from 1936 to 1955 to be used for psychological research . Recently, it has added twins born between 1961 and 1964. It primarily conducts personality and interests tests with its 8,000+ twin pairs and family members via mail.
What is Twin Study in Psychology?
Twin research is an informative approach for understanding the genetic and environmental influences affecting behavioral, physical, and medical traits . ... Twin researchers compare the resemblance between MZ and DZ twins with reference to a particular trait, such as height or weight.
How are twin studies used to measure genetic and environmental influences?
By comparing the twin intra-class correlations , it is possible to estimate additive genetic effects, shared environmental effects (i.e., environmental effects that make children in the same family more similar), and non-shared environmental effects (i.e., environmental effects that make children growing up in the same ...
What are the 3 main elements which are common in thinking and learning?
In this lesson, we’ll be discussing three fundamental parts of your thinking: symbols, concepts, and prototypes . Your mind thinks in visual pictures and other sensations, and often, those pictures and sensations represent something.
What are concepts & Why are they indispensable to thinking?
Concepts are customarily regarded as intermediaries between mind and world . They are the basic elements of thoughts and the tools by which one classifies things. Concepts are central to the philosophy of mind, and they are often implicated in theories of meaning.
What are the types of thinking in psychology?
- Convergent thinking (using logic). This type of thinking is also called critical, vertical, analytical, or linear thinking. ...
- Divergent thinking (using imagination). ...
- Lateral thinking (using both logic and imagination).
What is the highest form of intelligent behavior?
Some psychologists believe that the ability to listen to another person, to empathize with, and to understand their point of view is one of the highest forms of intelligent behavior.
What are the 5 characteristics of intelligence?
- It is an ability to abstract thinking.
- It is a capacity to adjust in new situation.
- It is a general mental adaptability.
- It is an ability to relate diverse situations.
- It is the capacity to acquire capacities and origins.
What are the common characteristics of intelligent behavior psychology?
- Drawing on Knowledge and Applying it. ...
- Finding Humor. ...
- Drawing on Knowledge and.
- Listening with understanding.
- Remaining Open to Continuous.
- Remaining Open to Continuous.
- Listening with Understanding.
- Creating, Imagining, and Innovating.
What does creative thinking mean?
Creative thinking refers to using abilities and soft skills to come up with new solutions to problems . Creative thinking skills are techniques used to look at the issue from different and creative angles, using the right tools to assess it and develop a plan.
What is divergent thinking psychology?
As discussed above, divergent (or creative) thinking is an activity that leads to new information, or previously undiscovered solutions . Some problems demand flexibility, originality, fluency, and inventiveness, especially those for which the individual must supply a unique solution.
What is divergent and convergent thinking in psychology?
So, divergent thinking concentrates on generating a large number of alternative responses including original, unexpected, or unusual ideas. Thus, divergent thinking is associated with creativity . Convergent thinking involves finding only the single correct answer, conventional to a well-defined problem.
How do words influence thoughts and actions?
Language influences thought and action. The words we use to describe things—to ourselves and others—affects how we and they think and act. It’s good to remind ourselves that this powerful influence happens in all kinds of situations and most certainly with language related to teaching and learning.
What is thought in psychology?
Thought (also called thinking) is the mental process in which beings form psychological associations and models of the world . ... Thought, the act of thinking, produces more thoughts. A thought may be an idea, an image, a sound or even control an emotional feeling.
Can thought exist without language?
Yes, rational thought exist without language but those can not be communicated without a language. ... His recognition was that language is a tool between the percepted world of facts (by the senses) and the world of ideas in the mind of the human being.
