Backward citations are patents that are cited by a specific patent and forward citations are patents that cite a specific patent .
What is a backward patent citation?
Backward citations are a primary component of proving inventiveness in new patent applications . These citations reference previous work or prior art that is considered relevant to a current patent application. ... Examiners also consider the prior art provided in the related PCT International Search Report (ISR).
What are forward citations in patents?
A specific patent can cite another patent as prior art – this is a “backward citation.” Alternatively, the specific patent can be cited as prior art by another patent – this is a “forward citation.” Patent citations exist because a patent examiner searches the patent prior art to identify any prior disclosures of the ...
What does it mean if a patent is cited?
Patent citations are the references defining technology already known within either patents or other scientific literature on which the present patent shaped or which it uses . ... Analysis of patent citations can be used to get an idea of the technology growth and also to measure the quality of patents.
What is a forward citation search?
Finding out whether a work has been cited after its publication will help you assess the importance of that work and how it has shaped subsequent research and scholarship . This is called forward citation searching. Look for “Cited by” or “Times Cited” features. ...
What is the difference between backward and forward citation?
A citation is a reference to a previous work (prior art) that is considered relevant to a current patent application. ... Backward citations are patents that are cited by a specific patent and forward citations are patents that cite a specific patent.
How do you find forward citations?
- Type in the last name of your author and the title of the classic work you’re using.
- Look for the link to your classic work.
- Beneath the link, it will often (but not always) say “Cited by __”
- Your new search should say the name of your classic work at the top of the list of results.
What does a patent do?
A patent is an exclusive right granted for an invention . In other words, a patent is an exclusive right to a product or a process that generally provides a new way of doing something, or offers a new technical solution to a problem.
How do you cite a patent in a research paper?
To cite a patent in APA Style, list the name of the inventor , the year it was issued (in parentheses), the title of the patent (in italics), the patent number, the name of the issuing body, and the URL if available.
What is backward chronological search?
Looking at the works cited by an author is called backward citation searching. The author’s bibliography gives you a snapshot of the thinking and research available at the time of publication. It tells you what ideas or theories have influenced the author.
What is forward citation in IPR?
What are forward citations? Forward citations are instances where later filed patent applications cite back to your patent specification . This is similar to a journal article citing to prior noteworthy or famous journal articles.
What makes the first forward citation of a patent occur earlier?
Further, patents having an unconventional technological core have a longer first citation lag and among patents having an unconventional technological core, the presence of a novel element makes the first citation earlier.
How do I find patent citations?
Only the USPTO database contains also the citation information. Note that the number of citations of a patent can increase day-by-day. Thus, it is important to note the date that you access the site. Go to the USPTO database online at www.uspto.gov and in the left column, click on “patents”, then on “search patents”.
What is a forward and backward search?
Forward Citation Search: A search to find all of the articles that cite back to a specific article . ... Backward Citation Search: A search to find all of the cited references in a single article. This search looks backwards in time to see what led to the article you start with.
How do I find a citation?
Go to Google Scholar . Search for the text you are interested in e.g. ‘Jones Design Methods: Seeds of Human Futures 1980’. Under the entry for that text, follow the ‘Cited by [number of citations]’ link. This presents you with a list of other texts that have cited the text you specified.
What is forward reference example?
A forward reference occurs when a label is used as an operand, for example as a branch target , earlier in the code than the definition of the label. The assembler cannot know the address of the forward reference label until it reads the definition of the label.
