The conference developed four conventions, which were approved in Geneva on August 12, 1949: (1) the Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded and Sick in Armed Forces in the Field, (2) the Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded, Sick, and Shipwrecked Members of Armed ...
What is Article 4 of the Geneva Convention?
Article 4(1) of the Fourth Geneva Convention defines as “ protected persons” those persons “who, at a given moment and in any manner whatsoever, find themselves, in case of a conflict or occupation, in the hands of a Party to the conflict or Occupying Power of which they are not nationals”.
What are the main conventions of the Geneva Convention?
- The First Geneva Convention protects wounded and sick soldiers on land during war. ...
- The Second Geneva Convention protects wounded, sick and shipwrecked military personnel at sea during war. ...
- The Third Geneva Convention applies to prisoners of war.
What are the Geneva Conventions and protocols?
The Geneva Conventions and their Additional Protocols is a body of Public International Law , also known as the Humanitarian Law of Armed Conflicts, whose purpose is to provide minimum protections, standards of humane treatment, and fundamental guarantees of respect to individuals who become victims of armed conflicts.
What are the 5 laws of war?
The law of war rests on five fundamental principles that are inherent to all targeting decisions: military necessity, unnecessary suffering, proportionality, distinction (discrimination), and honor (chivalry) .
What are the Geneva Convention categories?
Category I: Prisoners ranking below sergeants : eight Swiss francs. Category II: Sergeants and other non-commissioned officers, or prisoners of equivalent rank: twelve Swiss francs. Category III: Warrant officers and commissioned officers below the rank of major or prisoners of equivalent rank: fifty Swiss francs.
How many Geneva Conventions are there?
IHL is also known as the law of war and the law of armed conflict. A major part of international humanitarian law is contained in the four Geneva Conventions of 1949 that have been adopted by all nations in the world.
Why was the 4th Geneva Convention created?
While the first three conventions dealt with combatants, the Fourth Geneva Convention was the first to deal with humanitarian protections for civilians in a war zone . There are currently 196 countries party to the 1949 Geneva Conventions, including this and the other three treaties.
Who decides what a war crime is?
War crimes are defined by the Geneva Conventions , the precedents of the Nuremberg Tribunals, an older area of law referred to as the Laws and Customs of War, and, in the case of the former Yugoslavia, the statutes of the International Criminal Tribunal in The Hague (ICTY).
Is collective punishment a crime?
Article 22(2)(a) of the 1991 ILC Draft Code of Crimes against the Peace and Security of Mankind, states that “collective punishment” is an exceptionally serious war crime and a serious violation of the principles and rules of international law applicable in armed conflict.
What was the Geneva Convention in ww2?
The Geneva Convention was a series of international diplomatic meetings that produced a number of agreements , in particular the Humanitarian Law of Armed Conflicts, a group of international laws for the humane treatment of wounded or captured military personnel, medical personnel and non-military civilians during war ...
What happens if you break the Geneva Convention?
What happens if you break the rules of war? A State responsible for IHL violations must make full reparation for the loss or injury it has caused . Serious violations of IHL are war crimes. ... War crimes can be investigated and prosecuted by any State or, in certain circumstances, by an international court.
What is Article 3 of the Geneva Convention?
Article 3 offers an international minimum protection to persons taking no active part in hostilities , including members of armed forces in certain situations specifically stated in the article. Humane and non-discriminatory treatment are two important protections offered under this provision.
Can you shoot medics in War?
In Real Life war, medics are supposed to be special: The Laws and Customs of War, specifically the Geneva Convention, dictate that medical personnel are non-combatants and they’re not allowed to attack you ; shooting one (or vice versa) is a serious war crime. So is impersonating one so that the enemy won’t shoot you.
What is Sun Tzu principles War?
Sun Tzu advocates that the highest realisation of warfare is attacking the enemy’s plans , next is to disrupt alliances, then to attack their army, and last is to attack cities, which must be pursued as a last resort [III:3].
Is mustard gas banned in War?
Chlorine, phosgene (a choking agent) and mustard gas (which inflicts painful burns on the skin) were among the chemicals used. The results were indiscriminate and often devastating. ... As a result of public outrage, the Geneva Protocol, which prohibited the use of chemical weapons in warfare, was signed in 1925 .
