- Direct rainfall over the stream:-
- Surface runoff or overland flow: –
- Subsurface flow or interflow:–
- Base flow, groundwater flow or Dry weather flow:-
What are the 3 types of runoff?
There are three major types of runoff depending on the source: surface flow, interflow, and base flow .
What are 3 causes of runoff?
Runoff appears in uncontrolled surface streams, rivers, drains and sewers. Factors that affect runoff include the amount of rainfall, permeability, vegetation and the slope of the land .
What are the source and component of runoff?
Surface runoff is water, from rain, snowmelt, or other sources, that flows over the land surface , and is a major component of the water cycle. Runoff that occurs on surfaces before reaching a channel is also called overland flow. A land area which produces runoff draining to a common point is called a watershed.
What are the 5 factors of runoff?
- Type of precipitation (rain, snow, sleet, etc.)
- Rainfall intensity.
- Rainfall amount.
- Rainfall duration.
- Distribution of rainfall over the drainage basin.
- Direction of storm movement.
- Precipitation that occurred earlier and resulting soil moisture.
How can we control runoff?
Some ways to help control runoff are preventing soil erosion, providing basement flood protection, landscaping , providing proper roof drainage, and minimizing paved surfaces.
What causes excess runoff?
Runoff occurs when there is more water than land can absorb . The excess liquid flows across the surface of the land and into nearby creeks, streams, or ponds. ... Glaciers, snow, and rain all contribute to this natural runoff. Runoff also occurs naturally as soil is eroded and carried to various bodies of water.
What are the 2 types of runoff?
Runoff may be classified according to speed of appearance after rainfall or melting snow as direct runoff or base runoff, and according to source as surface runoff, storm interflow , or groundwater runoff. 2.
What are examples of runoff?
Runoff is defined as excess water draining away from land or buildings. The overflow of water that drains off of your driveway is an example of runoff. Dissolved chemicals, etc, included in such water. The runoff of nitrates is poisoning the lake.
What is direct runoff?
Direct surface runoff is the rain or meltwater that runs off during the rain or melt event as overland flow or in the vegetation cover above a frozen soil. The meltwater and the rain falling onto snow or on frozen ground reach a stream along different pathways.
What do you mean of runoff?
Runoff, in hydrology, quantity of water discharged in surface streams . ... Runoff also includes groundwater that is discharged into a stream; streamflow that is composed entirely of groundwater is termed base flow, or fair-weather runoff, and it occurs where a stream channel intersects the water table.
How can we control runoff water?
- Add plants. Incorporate plantings, especially in areas where runoff collects. ...
- Protect trees. Like other plant roots, tree roots help absorb and filter runoff. ...
- Break up slabs. ...
- Go permeable. ...
- Catch runoff. ...
- How to Divert Water Runoff from Driveway. ...
- Plant a rain garden. ...
- Cover soil.
What is subsurface runoff?
Subsurface runoff is the water that infiltrates in the vadose zone (unsaturated zone), from rain, snowmelt, or other sources, and moves laterally towards the streams. Vadose zone extends from the top of the ground surface to the water table.
What is runoff and its types?
3 Runoff can be defined as the portion of the precipitation that makes it’s way towards rivers or oceans etc, as surface or subsurface flow. Surface runoff can be generated either by rainfall, snowfall or by the melting of snow, or glaciers. ... Types of Runoff: Surface runoff/ Sub-surface runoff or Base flow.
What is the difference between runoff and discharge?
The data in the reports of the Geological Survey on surface water represent the total fluids measured. Thus, the terms discharge, streamflow, and runoff represent water with the solids dissolved in it and the sediment mixed with it . Of these terms, discharge is the most comprehensive. ... Runoff.
What are some of the problems with runoff?
Runoff picks up fertilizer, oil, pesticides, dirt, bacteria and other pollutants as it makes its way through storm drains and ditches – untreated – to our streams, rivers, lakes and the ocean. Polluted runoff is one of the greatest threats to clean water in the U.S.
