Cross-cultural psychology is a branch of psychology that looks at how cultural factors influence human behavior . While many aspects of human thought and behavior are universal, cultural differences can lead to often surprising differences in how people think, feel, and act.
Who is the father of cross-cultural psychology?
Gustav Jahoda , whom many regard as the father of modern cross-cultural psychology, has written extensively about these true pioneers. One of the “ancients” was Johann Friedrich Herbart (1776-1841), whom Jahoda (2006) called the Urvater of social psychology.
What are the importance of cross-cultural psychology?
The first important role cross-cultural psychology has is to rectify most of the biases that people have in the field . Furthermore, this branch of the psychology is used to understand the influence that cultural differences have on people’s perception of each other.
What are the 5 elements of cross-cultural relations?
- Awareness. It all starts with this: being aware that different countries have different ways and times of doing things. ...
- Preparation. ...
- Language. ...
- Humour. ...
- Openness.
What is nature of cross culture psychology?
Cross-cultural psychology is a branch of psychology that looks at how cultural factors influence human behavior . While many aspects of human thought and behavior are universal, cultural differences can lead to often surprising differences in how people think, feel, and act.
What are the main goals of cross-cultural researchers?
One of the overarching aims of cross-cultural research is to use statistical analysis to understand what each type of culture means to the individual in terms of their psychological similarities and differences (Ellis & Stam, 2015).
What is a cross-cultural approach?
a research method in which specific social practices , such as courtship behavior, child-rearing practices, or therapeutic attitudes and techniques, are studied and compared across a number of different cultures. Also called cross-cultural method.
How is cross-cultural psychology different from cultural psychology?
So, what is the difference between cultural and cross-cultural psychology? Cultural psychology studies the connection between the mind and body , while cross-cultural psychology examines how specific cultures influence behaviors.
What are the benefits of cross-cultural research?
John Whiting, a leading figure in psychological anthropology and a pioneer in the development of systematic cross-cultural research, states that the advantage of the cross-cultural method are twofold: 1) It insures that one’s findings relate to human behavior in general rather that being bound to a single culture; and ...
What are the theories of cross-cultural communication?
Cross-cultural communication theories explain phenomena related to cross-cultural research. Cross-cultural research compares and contrasts people’s communication across diverse cultures and explains the consequences of these differences .
What are the 5 cross-cultural communication methods?
- Keep an open mind.
- Have at least some knowledge of people’s cultural backgrounds.
- Practice active listening.
- Watch your nonverbal communication.
- Maintain a personal touch.
What are cross-cultural factors?
These include language, environment, technology, social organization, social history and mores, conceptions of authority, and nonverbal communication behavior .
What are the 4 basic elements of cross-cultural communication?
The easiest way to overcome hurdles and avoid misunderstandings in cross-cultural communication is to first get to know the basic elements of this type of communication. These are: awareness, preparation, language, humor, and openness .
What is the combined approach in psychology?
The third approach to cross-cultural studies of personality is the combined approach, which serves as a bridge between Western and indigenous psychology as a way of understanding both universal and cultural variations in personality (Cheung et al., 2011).
Why is cross-cultural research important in developmental psychology?
The study of cross-cultural development generates knowledge about developmental processes and experiences in different cultures around the world . Cross-cultural researchers also generate findings about the minority and immigrant groups and about the interactions of different cultural groups when they come together.
What is the example of cross-cultural?
The definition of cross-cultural is a person or thing that relates to different cultures or nations. An example of cross-cultural is a home with a foreign exchange student .
What did Karl Marx say about culture?
As a major contributor to conflict theory, Marx argued that culture served to justify inequality. The ruling class, or the bourgeoisie, produce a culture that promotes their interests, while repressing the interests of the proletariat. His most famous line to this effect is that “ Religion is the opium of the people” .
What are the six primary sources of cross-cultural miscommunication?
- 1- Ethnocentrism. We all have a natural tendency to look at other cultures through our own lenses. ...
- 2- Stereotyping. ...
- 3- Psychological barriers. ...
- 4- Language barriers. ...
- 5- Geographical distance. ...
- 6- Conflicting values.
What is an ethno psychologist?
a discipline that studies the psychology and behavior of the people of a particular ethnic community . The principal objects of study of ethnopsychology are tribes, peoples, and nations, as well as specific population groups that are ethnically related, such as groups of immigrants.
What are the important concepts of cross-cultural adaptation?
According to Kim (2012) , there are five dimensions that need to be focused on cross-cultural adaptation, which include environmental factor, personal communication, host social communication, ethnic social communication and predisposition.
How many types of cross cultural communication are there?
Nonverbal, oral and written: the main goal behind improving intercultural audiences is to pay special attention to specific areas of communication to enhance the effectiveness of the intercultural messages. The specific areas are broken down into three sub categories : nonverbal, oral and written messages.
What are the 5 dimensions of cultural differences?
- Power distance.
- Uncertainty avoidance.
- Individualism-collectivism.
- Masculinity-femininity.
- Time orientation.
What are the characteristics of cross cultural studies?
Unlike comparative studies, which examines similar characteristics of a few societies, cross-cultural studies uses a sufficiently large sample so that statistical analysis can be made to show relationships or lack of relationships between the traits in question . These studies are surveys of ethnographic data.
What are the features of cross-cultural management?
Thus, cross-cultural management can be seen to include decision making across cultures, communicating and negotiating with culturally different others , and motivating and leading others in a cross-cultural context.
What are the importance of cross-cultural communication?
By acquiring cross-cultural communication skills, you’ll be able to express yourself with confidence and understand how to be patient with other people who aren’t from a similar background. It’ll also provide a great opportunity to meet fellow students from other cultures and discuss your differences.
What are the challenges of cross-cultural communication?
- Different Communications Styles.
- Different Attitudes Toward Conflict.
- Different Approaches to Completing Tasks.
- Different Decision-Making Styles.
- Different Attitudes Toward Disclosure.
- Different Approaches to Knowing.
What did Hans Eysenck believe about personality?
Hans Eysenck was a personality theorist who focused on temperament —innate, genetically based personality differences. He believed personality is largely governed by biology, and he viewed people as having two specific personality dimensions: extroversion vs. introversion and neuroticism vs. stability.
What is the combined approach?
The third approach to cross-cultural studies of personality is the combined approach, which serves as a bridge between Western and indigenous psychology as a way of understanding both universal and cultural variations in personality (Cheung et al., 2011).
What are the three components of reciprocal determinism?
So we see that these three things, behavior, cognition, and environmental factors , are actually all intertwined. And they’re intertwined in such a way that they actually all rely on each other. And as a result, we are shaped by the interaction of these three factors.
