In general, the main energy source for cellular metabolism is glucose, which is catabolized in the three subsequent processes— glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA or Krebs cycle), and finally oxidative phosphorylation —to produce ATP.
What is the mechanism of ATP synthase?
The ATP synthase is a mitochondrial enzyme localized in the inner membrane, where it catalyzes the synthesis of ATP from ADP and phosphate , driven by a flux of protons across a gradient generated by electron transfer from the proton chemically positive to the negative side.
What is the working mechanism of ATP synthase?
The function of ATP synthase is to synthesize ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate (P i ) in the F 1 sector . This is possible due to energy derived from a gradient of protons which cross the inner mitochondrial membrane from the intermembrane space into the matrix through the F o portion of the enzyme.
How does ATP synthase work in mitochondria?
The function of ATP synthase is to synthesize ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate (P i ) in the F 1 sector . This is possible due to energy derived from a gradient of protons which cross the inner mitochondrial membrane from the intermembrane space into the matrix through the F o portion of the enzyme.
What is the basic mechanism by which ATP synthase generates ATP in the mitochondria?
What is the basic mechanism by which ATP synthase generates ATP in the mitochondria? Explanation: The electron transport chain moves high energy electrons through its complexes in order to create a proton gradient across the mitochondrial inner membrane.
What are the two mechanisms by which ATP can be synthesized in the cell?
ATP is the cellular energy molecule. This molecule is synthesized via substrate level phosphorylation mechanisms and oxidative phosphorylation mechanisms .
How are ATPS synthesized in the ATP synthase?
During photosynthesis in plants, ATP is synthesized by ATP synthase using a proton gradient created in the thylakoid lumen through the thylakoid membrane and into the chloroplast stroma . ... An F-ATPase consists of two main subunits, F O and F 1 , which has a rotational motor mechanism allowing for ATP production.
What is the mechanism of ATP synthesis in glycolysis?
Glycolysis produces 2 ATP, 2 NADH , and 2 pyruvate molecules: Glycolysis, or the aerobic catabolic breakdown of glucose, produces energy in the form of ATP, NADH, and pyruvate, which itself enters the citric acid cycle to produce more energy.
How does ATP synthase make ATP quizlet?
How does ATP synthase produce ATP? Atp synthase allows H+ ions to pass thru the thylakoid membrane,and the Atp synthase rotates, creating the energy to bind Adp and a phosphate group to produce Atp.
Where does the H+ come from that makes ATP synthase work a?
The electrons from from NADH and FADH 2 flow through the electron transport chain in the inner mitochondrial membrane generating a H+ buildup in the inner membrane space . This proton gradient (gradient of H+) flowing through the membrane enzyme complex ATP synthetase is the direct energy source for producing ATP.
Which of the following processes and mechanisms forms the most ATP molecules?
Explanation: The electron transport chain generates the most ATP out of all three major phases of cellular respiration. Glycolysis produces a net of 2 ATP per molecule of glucose.
How is ATP produced in aerobic respiration?
Most of the ATP produced by aerobic cellular respiration is made by oxidative phosphorylation . The energy of O 2 released is used to create a chemiosmotic potential by pumping protons across a membrane. This potential is then used to drive ATP synthase and produce ATP from ADP and a phosphate group.
How does ATP synthase catalyze the reaction of ADP phosphorylation?
In plants, energy acquired from photons is transferred through photosynthetic electron transport chain (ETC), which induces an electrochemical gradient to build up across the membrane. ATP synthase uses energy conferred by this electrochemical gradient for phosphorylation of ADP to generate ATP [7].
Which process is responsible for ATP molecule energy release?
In a process called cellular respiration , chemical energy in food is converted into chemical energy that the cell can use, and stores it in molecules of ATP.
What is the function of ATP synthase quizlet?
ATP synthase is the enzyme that makes ATP by chemiosmosis . It allows protons to pass through the membrane using the kinetic energy to phosphorylate ADP making ATP. The generation of ATP by chemiosmosis occurs in chloroplasts and mitochondria as well as in some bacteria.
Where does the H+ come from that makes ATP synthase work quizlet?
What is ATP synthase? The proton gradient develops between the intermembrane space and the matrix. It is produced by the movement of electrons along the ETC. The chain uses the exergonic flow of electrons to pump H+ from matrix to innermembrane space .
What is the role of ATP in energy transfer?
The Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) molecule is the nucleotide known in biochemistry as the “molecular currency” of intracellular energy transfer; that is, ATP is able to store and transport chemical energy within cells . ... Energy is released by hydrolysis of the third phosphate group.
What is the role of ATP synthase in cellular respiration quizlet?
What is the role of ATP synthase in cellular respiration? ATP synthase is used to combine electrons with H+ ions and exygen to produse water and to convert ADP into ATP.
What is the role of ATP in coupling the cell’s anabolic and catabolic processes?
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the energy molecule of the cell. During catabolic reactions, ATP is created and energy is stored until needed during anabolic reactions . ... These building blocks are then used for the synthesis of molecules in anabolic reactions.
What is the main transformation that occurs during glycolysis quizlet?
What is the main transformation that occurs during glycolysis? Glycolysis produces ATP, pyruvate, and NADH by oxidizing glucose .
Why does ATP synthase need H+ ions?
The upper part of the ATP synthase complex rotates when a new hydrogen ion enters. Once three protons have entered the matrix space, there is enough energy in the ATP synthase complex to synthesize one ATP. In this way, the energy in the hydrogen ion gradient is used to make ATP.
When a H+ passes through the ATP synthase what is made?
Hydrogen ions in the matrix space can only pass through the inner mitochondrial membrane through a membrane protein called ATP synthase. As protons move through ATP synthase, ADP is turned into ATP . The production of ATP using the process of chemiosmosis in mitochondria is called oxidative phosphorylation.
What is the source of energy of an ATP synthase?
The ATP synthase (or F 1 F 0 ATPase and also referred to as complex V) uses the free energy of an electrochemical gradient of protons (or sodium ions) generated by the respiratory chain to synthesize ATP.
What is the most common mechanism that regulates cellular respiration in most cells?
What is the most common mechanism that regulates cellular respiration in most cells? Fermentation by itself produces no ATP but keeps glycolysis going, which produces a small amount of ATP. How does fermentation do this? Fermentation oxidizes NADH to NAD+, which facilitates the production of ATP in glycolysis.
Which of the following processes produces the most ATP quizlet?
Most of the ATP in cellular respiration is produced by the process of chemiosmosis .
Which of the following processes produces mostly ATP *?
Answer: A) Aerobic respiration produces the most ATP per molecule of glucose.
What happens during aerobic respiration?
Respiration using oxygen to break down food molecules is called aerobic respiration . ... Aerobic respiration breaks down glucose and combines the broken down products with oxygen, making water and carbon dioxide . The carbon dioxide is a waste product of aerobic respiration because cells do not need it.
What is the role of ATP in energy coupling and transfer?
ATP provides the energy for both energy-consuming endergonic reactions and energy-releasing exergonic reactions , which require a small input of activation energy. When the chemical bonds within ATP are broken, energy is released and can be harnessed for cellular work.
How does ATP store and release energy?
ATP (adenosine triphosphate) stores energy in its high energy phosphate bonds . ... When the cells need energy to do any work, ATP cleaves the third phosphate group, releasing a large amount of energy stored in the bond between the third and second phosphate group.
What is the role of oxygen in aerobic cellular respiration?
Explanation: Oxygen is the final electron acceptor in aerobic respiration. ... Without the presence of oxygen, electrons would remain trapped and bound in the final step of the electron transport chain, preventing further reaction. NADH and FADH 2 are necessary to donate electrons to the electron transport chain.
How many ATP molecules are produced in aerobic respiration?
A total of 36 ATPs are produced from aerobic respiration for each glucose that enters glycolysis (2 from glycolysis, 2 from citric acid cycle, 32 from ETP).
