In physics and engineering, the quality factor or Q factor is a dimensionless parameter that describes how underdamped an oscillator or resonator is. ... Q factor is alternatively defined as the ratio of a resonator's centre frequency to its bandwidth when subject to an oscillating driving force.
What is Q factor in Class 12?
Hint: The quality factor or ‘Q' is a dimensionless quantity that describes the nature of damping in a resonating circuit. It is indeed the ratio of maximum energy stored in the circuit to the energy dissipated during each cycle of oscillation .
What is Q factor formula?
The Q factor of the pMUT can be determined by the real part of the impedance frequency spectrum, which is defined as Q = f r /Δf , where the resonance frequency f r is the frequency at which the real part of the impedance reaches its maximum, Δf is the width of the peak at its half height, so-called 3 dB bandwidth.
What is a good Q factor?
Good high-Q capacitors can have a Q factor value of over 10,000 at 1MHz and over 1,000 at 100MHz, while standard capacitors can have a Q factor as low as 50 at 1kHz. ... Such capacitors can be used at frequencies of up to 20GHz, which is sufficient for most RF applications.
What does a high Q factor mean?
• Substrates with high quality factor Q. Q factor describes if an oscillator or resonator is underdamped, overdamped, or critically damped. Higher Q indicates that the oscillations die out more slowly (a lower rate of energy loss relative to the stored energy of the resonator).
Is high Q-factor good?
Higher Q indicates a lower rate of energy loss and the oscillations die out more slowly. A pendulum suspended from a high-quality bearing, oscillating in air, has a high Q, while a pendulum immersed in oil has a low one. Resonators with high quality factors have low damping, so that they ring or vibrate longer.
Why the Q-factor is important?
When dealing with RF tuned circuits, there are many reasons why Q factor is important. ... Bandwidth: With increasing Q factor or quality factor, so the bandwidth of the tuned circuit filter is reduced . As losses decrease so the tuned circuit becomes sharper as energy is stored better in the circuit.
What is a real life example of resonance?
Resonance occurs when the frequency of the applied force is equal to one of the natural frequencies of vibration of the forced or driven harmonic oscillator. Swing, Guitar, Pendulum, Bridge and Music system are a few examples of resonance in everyday life.
What is Q-factor in LCR circuit?
Q-factor: In LCR Circuit, the ratio of resonance frequency to the difference of its neighbouring frequencies so that their corresponding current is 1/2 times of the peak value, is called Q-factor of the circuit.
What is bandwidth formula?
Bandwidth is measured between the 0.707 current amplitude points. The 0.707 current points correspond to the half power points since P = I 2 R, (0.707) 2 = (0.5). Bandwidth, Δf is measured between the 70.7% amplitude points of series resonant circuit.
What are high Q capacitors?
“Traditional High Q” generally refers to a capacitor which employs a porcelain type dielectric which has a very low Dielectric Loss but must be fired at a high temperature (about 1300 degrees C) which necessitates the use of electrode materials with high melting points, such as various Palladium Silver alloys, which ...
How is Q factor inductor calculated?
The quality factor Q of the inductor is by definition = wL/R , where w is the frequency and R is the resistance of the inductor, and L is is its inductance. The integrated inductors has a complicated distributed equivalent circuit not only having self resistance but also parasitic capacitance.
How is Q factor cycle calculated?
The Q Factor of a bicycle is the distance between the pedal attachment points on the crank arms , when measured parallel to the bottom bracket axle.
What is the Q-factor of a coil?
Quality factor (Q) or coil Q-factor is a dimensionless unit for the losses of a coil, quartz, or a resonator . For coils this refers to the ohmic losses of the coil-wire. They are inversely proportional for the coil quality and are calculated from the ratio of reactance to ohmic resistance.
What is quality factor of capacitor?
The Quality (Q) Factor of a capacitor is a unitless value which is equal to the capacitor's reactance divided by the Equivalent Series Resistance (ESR) of the capacitor . As both reactance and ESR vary with changes in frequency, the Q value of a capacitor will also vary greatly with changes in frequency.
How do you find the Q-factor of a LCR circuit?
The quality factor relates the maximum or peak energy stored in the circuit (the reactance) to the energy dissipated (the resistance) during each cycle of oscillation meaning that it is a ratio of resonant frequency to bandwidth and the higher the circuit Q, the smaller the bandwidth, Q = ƒ r /BW .
