The frieze consists of 378 figures and 245 animals . It was 160 meters (524 ft) in length when complete, as well as 1 meter in height, and it projects 5.6 cm forward at its maximum depth.
What was depicted on the Parthenon?
The Parthenon friezes meant to convey a Panathenaic procession, the victory of the Athenians at Marathon, the power of Athens as a city-state, and the piety of its citizens . The Parthenon is one of the most iconic buildings in the Ancient World.
What is depicted on the Parthenon frieze?
Subject Description: The traditional interpretation of the Parthenon frieze is that it depicts, in some sense, a Panathenaic procession, part of the festival of the same name celebrated each year on the occasion of Athena’s birthday.
Which gods are on the Parthenon frieze?
In front of them, however, the gods are in one long row: four seated one overlapping the next, Poseidon, Apollo, Artemis, and Aphrodite , and one stand- ing, the boy god Eros.
What type of sculpture is contained in a frieze?
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What was on the frieze of the Parthenon quizlet?
The temple kept gold statue of Athena to honor her and worship. This was done to also show how great of a leader Athena was to the Greeks. The Parthenon frieze showed the athens in company of the gods . This shows power because it is intended to say that the gods are on the athens sides.
What type of structure is the Parthenon?
The Parthenon combines elements of the Doric and Ionic orders. Basically a Doric peripteral temple , it features a continuous sculpted frieze borrowed from the Ionic order, as well as four Ionic columns supporting the roof of the opisthodomos.
What materials is the Parthenon made out of?
The main building material was Pentelic marble quarried from the flanks of Mt. Pentelikon, located about 10 mi/ 16 km from Athens. (The old Parthenon, the one destroyed by the Persians while it was partway through construction was the first temple to use this kind of marble.)
What are all the things Athena is the goddess of?
Athena is often considered to be the best Greek goddess of all the gods and goddesses. She is known as the goddess of knowledge, wisdom, crafts, civilization, and justice .
Why was the Parthenon built for Athena?
The residents of Athens constructed the Parthenon at the time when they were at the height of their dominance . The Parthenon was mainly constructed as a temple for the Goddess Athena who was the chief deity worshipped by the residents of Athens.
Who made the Varvakeion Athena?
The colossal statue of the Athena Parthenos, which Phidias made for the Parthenon, was completed and dedicated in 438. The original work was made of gold and ivory and stood some 38 feet (12 metres) high.
What are the decorative pieces in the frieze called?
The frieze in buildings using the classic Doric order is usually composed of alternate triglyphs (projecting rectangular blocks, each ornamented with three vertical channels) and metopes (spaces).
Who made Parthenon frieze?
It was sculpted between c. 443 and 437 BC, most likely under the direction of Pheidias . Of the 160 meters (524 ft) of the original frieze, 128 meters (420 ft) survives—some 80 percent.
What decorative style is used on the erechtheum?
Used under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0. The Erechtheion was built with in the ionic style that was typical for eastern Greece. The Ionic design was used to set the Erechtheion apart from the larger, Doric style used to construct the Parthenon (Camp, 2001).
What do the metope sculptures on the Parthenon all represent?
The metopes have a purely warlike theme, like the decoration of the chryselephantine statue of Athena Parthenos housed in the Parthenon. ... This general theme is considered to be a metaphor for the Median wars and thus the triumph of the city of Athens .
What are some architectural and design characteristics of the Parthenon quizlet?
It was an Octastyle, peripteral Doric temple, 8 x 17 columns . Usual styles was hexastyle, 6 x 13.
What was the Parthenon quizlet?
The Parthenon was a temple to worship the Greek goddess Athena also used as the City Treasury .
Which city contains the ruins of the Parthenon?
The Acropolis of Athens is an ancient citadel located on a rocky outcrop above the city of Athens and contains the remains of several ancient buildings of great architectural and historical significance, the most famous being the Parthenon.
What is the common theme among the metopes frieze and the sculpture of Athena in and on the Parthenon?
While the narrative differs from side to side, the metopes are bound thematically by a common theme: the triumph of civilization over barbarism , a theme dear to the hearts of the Athenians who were not shy to believe themselves and their achievements as superior to other cultures of their time.
What are the three categories of architectural sculpture on the Parthenon?
Phidias, Parthenon sculptures ( pediments, metopes and frieze )
What were Ionic columns made of?
Every column is made of a base, a shaft, and the volute on top . In the Ionic order, the volute is shaped like scrolls or spirals. Above the column was the entablature, a horizontal and load-bearing section of stones.
What statues are in the Parthenon?
The main sculptural decorations of the Parthenon include the Chryselephantyne statue of Athena, the East and West pediments, the metopes of the peristyle, and the continuous frieze of the cella . The temple on its exterior exhibited an abundance of sculptures.
What Stone is the Parthenon made of?
The Parthenon is a resplendent marble temple built between 447 and 432 B.C. during the height of the ancient Greek Empire. Dedicated to the Greek goddess Athena, the Parthenon sits high atop a compound of temples known as the Acropolis of Athens.
Where is the frieze on the Parthenon?
The Parthenon frieze runs around the upper edge of the temple wall of the Parthenon . On the north, west, and south the frieze portrays a procession of horsemen, musicians, and sacrificial animals.
Who was the ugliest god?
Facts about Hephaestus
Hephaestus was the only ugly god among perfectly beautiful immortals. Hephaestus was born deformed and was cast out of heaven by one or both of his parents when they noticed that he was imperfect. He was the workman of the immortals: he made their dwellings, furnishings, and weapons.
Who is Zeus’s favorite child?
Athena is the ancient Greek goddess of wisdom, craft, and strategic war. She is also the patron goddess of the city of Athens and the protector of all heroes. She is the daughter and first-born child of Zeus. Athena is also the favorite child of Zeus, being allowed to carry his Aegis, or armor, into battle.
What protected Sparta from invaders?
Sparta was surrounded by mountains which protected it from invaders. Sparta was the only city state which had a full time army.
Which order of Greek columns was the most decorative?
The Corinthian order is the most ornate of the Greek orders, characterized by a slender fluted column having an ornate capital decorated with two rows of acanthus leaves and four scrolls. It is commonly regarded as the most elegant of the three orders.
What does frieze mean in art?
A frieze is a decorative band, usually, but not always, above a doorframe or on the wall near the ceiling. You may find a frieze of sculptured angels too formal for the trim of your bedroom wall. You might not think of a frieze in the same category as a painting or a statue, but it can be a true work of art.
What was Apollo’s realm?
Apollo is the Greek god of music, poetry, light, prophecy, and medicine. He is one of the Twelve Olympian gods who live on Mount Olympus .
Who won the Peloponnesian War?
Athens was forced to surrender, and Sparta won the Peloponnesian War in 404 BC. Spartans terms were lenient. First, the democracy was replaced by on oligarchy of thirty Athenians, friendly to Sparta. The Delian League was shut down, and Athens was reduced to a limit of ten triremes.
Where was the Athena Parthenos found?
The most accurate surviving copy of the Athena Parthenos is believed to be the Varvakeion Athena, a marble sculpture of the goddess Athena that was discovered in 1880 near the site of Varvakeion in Athens and is now on display in the National Archaeological Museum in Athens, Greece.
Was the statue of Athena Real?
Athena Parthenos (Ancient Greek: Ἀθηνᾶ Παρθένος) is a lost massive chryselephantine (gold and ivory) sculpture of the Greek goddess Athena, made by Phidias and his assistants and housed in the Parthenon in Athens; this statue was designed as its focal point. ... Phidias began his work around 447 BCE.
What is bas relief carving?
A French term from the Italian basso-relievo (“low relief”), bas-relief (pronounced “bah ree·leef”) is a sculpture technique in which figures and/or other design elements are just barely more prominent than the (overall flat) background .
What features are characteristic of early Greek sculptures?
Greek sculptors were particularly concerned with proportion, poise, and the idealised perfection of the human body , and their figures in stone and bronze have become some of the most recognisable pieces of art ever produced by any civilization.
What does a pediment look like?
Pediments are gables, usually of a triangular shape . They are found in ancient Greek architecture as early as 600 BC (e.g. the archaic Temple of Artemis). ... Pediments are placed above the horizontal structure of the lintel, or entablature, if supported by columns.
What extraordinary artifacts are contained in the Erechtheion?
The Erechtheion is a temple that housed the most sacred artifacts and ancient sites of the Acropolis, including the Palladium, Athena’s olive tree, Poseidon’s salt water well, and trident marks , and shrines to the mythical founders and kings of the city.
What shape was the Theater of Dionysus?
It was originally built in the late 5th century B.C. The theater was an outdoor auditorium in the shape of a great semicircle on the slope of the Acropolis, with rows of seats on which about eighteen thousand spectators could comfortably seat.
What makes erechtheum unique?
The Erechtheion is unique in the corpus of Greek temples in that its asymmetrical composition doesn’t conform to the canon of Greek classical architecture .
