Epidemiology is the study (scientific, systematic, data-driven) of the distribution (frequency, pattern) and determinants (causes, risk factors) of health-related states and events (not just diseases) in specified populations (patient is community, individuals viewed collectively), and the application of (since ...
What are examples of epidemiological studies?
The four types of epidemiologic studies commonly used in radiation research are cluster, ecologic, case-control, and cohort studies . An additional approach for estimating risk in radiation research—although strictly not an epidemiologic study—is risk-projection models.
What are the 3 major types of epidemiologic studies?
EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDY DESIGNS
Three major types of epidemiologic studies are cohort, case-control, and cross-sectional studies (study designs are discussed in more detail in IOM, 2000). A cohort, or longitudinal, study follows a defined group over time.
What is the purpose of an epidemiological study?
Epidemiology is the study of how often diseases occur in different groups of people and why. Epidemiological information is used to plan and evaluate strategies to prevent illness and as a guide to the management of patients in whom disease has already developed.
What are epidemiological study designs?
The basic epidemiological study designs are cross-sectional, case-control, and cohort studies . ... Cohort studies identify the study groups based on the exposure and, then, the researchers follow up study participants to measure outcomes.
What are the 5 main objectives of epidemiology?
In the mid-1980s, five major tasks of epidemiology in public health practice were identified: public health surveillance, field investigation, analytic studies, evaluation, and linkages .
What is the best study design?
| Clinical question Suggested best study design | Clinical Exam prospective, blind comparison to gold standard | Diagnosis prospective, blind comparison to a gold standard | Therapy RCT > cohort > case control > case series | Prevention RCT > cohort study > case control > case series |
|---|
What are the two types of epidemiology?
Epidemiologic studies fall into two categories: experimental and observational .
What are the two main types of analytic studies?
Analytic studies fall into two categories: experimental and observational . Experimental studies, which include clinical and community trials, may be used to study the effects of new drugs or vaccines.
Which is the most powerful epidemiological study?
Randomized, controlled clinical trials are the most powerful designs possible in medical research, but they are often expensive and time-consuming. Well-designed observational studies can provide useful insights on disease causation, even though they do not constitute proof of causes.
What are the four uses of epidemiology?
For community diagnosis of the presence, nature and distribution of health and disease among the population , and the dimensions of these in incidence, prevalence, and mortality; taking into account that society is changing and health problems are changing. To study the workings of health services.
How do you present epidemiological data?
Graphs are most frequently used for displaying time associations and patterns in epidemiologic data. These graphs can include line graphs, histograms (epidemic curves), and scatter diagrams (see Box 6.4 for general guidelines in construction of epidemiologic graphs).
Are epidemiologists doctors?
Are epidemiologists considered medical doctors? No. While epidemiologists study and investigate the causes and sources of diseases in much the same way as medical doctors, they’re not considered actual physicians . Perhaps the biggest reason why is treatment.
What are the 4 types of research design?
There are four main types of Quantitative research: Descriptive, Correlational, Causal-Comparative/Quasi-Experimental, and Experimental Research . attempts to establish cause- effect relationships among the variables. These types of design are very similar to true experiments, but with some key differences.
What are the 3 types of observational study?
Three types of observational studies include cohort studies, case-control studies, and cross-sectional studies (Figure 1).
What are the disadvantages of epidemiological study?
- The major disadvantage is the huge requirement for resources, viz. ...
- Unsuitable for rare diseases.
- Long periods of follow up needed.
- Attrition is a problem as long follow up is required.
