For example, exposure to one virus (e.g., varicella-zoster virus) will not provide protection against other viral diseases (e.g., measles, mumps, or polio). Adaptive specific immunity involves the actions of two distinct cell types: B lymphocytes (B cells) and T lymphocytes (T cells).
What is a specific immunity?
Acquired immunity is also called specific immunity because it tailors its attack to a specific antigen previously encountered . Its hallmarks are its ability to learn, adapt, and remember. Acquired immunity takes time to develop after first exposure to a new antigen.
What are the two types of specific immunity?
There are two types of immunity: active and passive .
What is an example of specific immune defense?
A vaccine contains the antigens of a pathogen that causes disease. For example, the smallpox vaccine contains the antigens specific to smallpox. When a person is vaccinated against smallpox, the immune system responds by stimulating antibody-producing cells that are capable of making smallpox antibodies.
What are examples of specific defenses?
There are two types of specific defense. These include cell-mediated immunity and antibody-mediated immunity .
What are the 4 types of immunity?
- Innate immunity: Everyone is born with innate (or natural) immunity, a type of general protection. ...
- Adaptive immunity: Adaptive (or active) immunity develops throughout our lives. ...
- Passive immunity: Passive immunity is “borrowed” from another source and it lasts for a short time.
What are 5 examples of nonspecific immunity?
Nonspecific defenses include anatomic barriers, inhibitors, phagocytosis, fever, inflammation, and IFN .
What are the characteristics of specific immunity?
Adaptive immunity is defined by two important characteristics: specificity and memory. Specificity refers to the adaptive immune system's ability to target specific pathogens , and memory refers to its ability to quickly respond to pathogens to which it has previously been exposed.
What cells are responsible for specific immunity?
Adaptive immune responses are carried out by white blood cells called lymphocytes . There are two broad classes of such responses—antibody responses and cell-mediated immune responses, and they are carried out by different classes of lymphocytes, called B cells and T cells, respectively.
What are the components of specific immunity?
The primary components of the specific immune response are the B lymphocytes and their antibodies (humoral immune response) as well as the T lymphocytes (cellular immune response) .
What are the three lines of defense in the immune system?
The human body has three primary lines of defense to fight against foreign invaders, including viruses, bacteria, and fungi. The immune system's three lines of defense include physical and chemical barriers, non-specific innate responses, and specific adaptive responses .
What are the first line of defense?
The first line of defence is your innate immune system. Level one of this system consists of physical barriers like your skin and the mucosal lining in your respiratory tract . The tears, sweat, saliva and mucous produced by the skin and mucosal lining are part of that physical barrier, too.
What is tcell?
T cell, also called T lymphocyte , type of leukocyte (white blood cell) that is an essential part of the immune system. T cells are one of two primary types of lymphocytes—B cells being the second type—that determine the specificity of immune response to antigens (foreign substances) in the body.
Why is the immune system specific?
The main job of the innate immune system is to fight harmful substances and germs that enter the body, for instance through the skin or digestive system. The adaptive (specific) immune system makes antibodies and uses them to specifically fight certain germs that the body has previously come into contact with .
What is the difference between nonspecific and specific defenses?
Nonspecific protective mechanisms repel all microorganisms equally , while the specific immune responses are tailored to particular types of invaders. Both systems work together to thwart organisms from entering and proliferating within the body.
What are 2 types of nonspecific immunity?
there are two types: nonspecific, innate immunity and specific, acquired immunity . Innate immunity, with which an organism is born, involves protective factors, such as interferon, and cells, such as macrophages, granulocytes, and natural killer cells, and its action does not depend on prior exposure to a pathogen.
