Brown tumors are focal bone lesions , caused by increased osteoclastic activity and fibroblastic proliferation, encountered in patients with uncontrolled hyperparathyroidism (HPT). They can be located in any part of the skeleton, but are most frequently encountered in the ribs, clavicles, extremities, and pelvic girdle.
Why is it called brown tumor?
In localized regions where bone loss is particularly rapid, hemorrhage, and reparative granulation tissue , with active, vascular, proliferating fibrous tissue may replace the normal marrow contents, resulting in a brown tumor. Hemosiderin imparts the brown color (hence the name of the lesions).
Are brown tumors benign?
Brown tumor (BT) is a rare benign lesion in skeletal system . It is especially rare secondary to primary hyperparathyroidism (HPT). The differential diagnosis can be misleading due to its diversified clinical characteristics.
How are brown tumors treated?
The treatment of a Brown tumor is mainly pharmalogic by treating the underlying HPT ; however, surgical excision is sometimes necessary. Triantafillidou et al. advocate curettage of the lesion and wound packing allowing for secondary healing in addition to adjunctive treatment of underlying disease [11].
Is Brown Tumour malignant?
Skeletal manifestations in the form of Brown tumors are rare and according to literature occur in less than 2% of patients suffering from any form of hyperparathyroidism. Such rare and multiple benign lesions may simulate a malignant neoplasm and pose a real challenge for the clinician in its differential diagnosis.
Are brown tumors painful?
Clinically, brown tumours present as a slow growing palpable bony swelling and may cause bone pain or pathological fractures . It is also possible to present with symptoms of weakness, weight loss, polyuria and recurrent stone formation associated with the hyperparathyroidism [12].
What is a brown tumor made of?
Histologically, brown tumors are made up of mononuclear stromal cells mixed with multinucleated giant cells , among which recent hemorrhagic infiltrates and hemosiderin deposits (hence the brown color) are often found [3].
What is hungry bone syndrome?
Hungry bone syndrome (HBS) refers to the rapid, profound, and prolonged hypocalcaemia associated with hypophosphataemia and hypomagnesaemia , and is exacerbated by suppressed parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels, which follows parathyroidectomy in patients with severe primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) and preoperative high ...
Is a bone cyst a tumor?
A unicameral, or simple, bone cyst is a common, benign (noncancerous) bone tumor that primarily occurs in children and adolescents.
Is Osteoblastoma benign?
Osteoblastoma is a benign (noncancerous) bone tumor . It is a rare tumor that often develops in the bones of the spine, as well as the legs, hands, and feet.
What are the symptoms of hypoparathyroidism?
- a tingling sensation (paraesthesia) in your fingertips, toes and lips.
- twitching facial muscles.
- muscle pains or cramps, particularly in your legs, feet or tummy.
- tiredness.
- mood changes, such as feeling irritable, anxious or depressed.
- dry, rough skin.
What is secondary parathyroid disease?
Secondary hyperparathyroidism is a condition in which a disease outside of the parathyroid glands causes all of the parathyroid glands to become enlarged and hyperactive . The most common causes of secondary hyperparathyroidism are kidney failure and vitamin D deficiency.
What is Pseudohypoparathyroidism?
Pseudohypoparathyroidism is a hereditary disorder characterized by an inadequate response to the parathyroid hormone , although the hormone is present in normal amounts. This inadequate response affects bone growth in individuals with Pseudohypoparathyroidism.
What is brown tumor in hyperparathyroidism?
Brown tumors are focal bone lesions , caused by increased osteoclastic activity and fibroblastic proliferation, encountered in patients with uncontrolled hyperparathyroidism (HPT). They can be located in any part of the skeleton, but are most frequently encountered in the ribs, clavicles, extremities, and pelvic girdle.
What is osteitis Fibrosa?
Osteitis fibrosa is a complication of hyperparathyroidism , a condition in which certain bones become abnormally weak and deformed.
What does hyperparathyroidism cause?
In primary hyperparathyroidism, one or more of the parathyroid glands is overactive. As a result, the gland makes too much parathyroid hormone (PTH) . Too much PTH causes calcium levels in your blood to rise too high, which can lead to health problems such as bone thinning and kidney stones.
