Epidemiology, classical: The study of populations in order to determine the frequency and distribution of diseases , and then to measure the risks of those diseases.
What are the 3 major types of epidemiologic studies?
Three major types of epidemiologic studies are cohort, case-control, and cross-sectional studies (study designs are discussed in more detail in IOM, 2000). A cohort, or longitudinal, study follows a defined group over time.
What are the four methods of epidemiology?
Epidemiological investigations can be grouped into four broad categories: Observational epidemiology, experimental epidemiology, natural experiments, and Theoretical epidemiology . Several types study designs and measures of relationship are used in these investigations.
What are the two types of epidemiology?
Epidemiologic studies fall into two categories: experimental and observational .
What are the methods of epidemiology?
The three major epidemiologic techniques are descriptive, analytic, and experimental . Although all three can be used in investigating the occurrence of disease, the method used most is descriptive epidemiology.
What is the strongest study design?
A well -designed randomized controlled trial , where feasible, is generally the strongest study design for evaluating an intervention’s effectiveness.
What are the two main types of analytic studies?
Epidemiologists conduct two main types of analytic studies: experimental and observational . Experimental studies use a randomized selection process. A process based on chance is used to assign study subjects to different exposure groups.
What are the 5 main objectives of epidemiology?
In the mid-1980s, five major tasks of epidemiology in public health practice were identified: public health surveillance, field investigation, analytic studies, evaluation, and linkages .
What are the 5 W’s of epidemiology?
The difference is that epidemiologists tend to use synonyms for the 5 W’s: diagnosis or health event (what), person (who), place (where), time (when), and causes, risk factors, and modes of transmission (why/how) .
What is an example of epidemiology?
The term epidemiology is now widely applied to cover the description and causation of not only epidemic, infectious disease, but of disease in general, including related conditions. Some examples of topics examined through epidemiology include as high blood pressure, mental illness and obesity .
What is the best definition of epidemiology?
By definition, epidemiology is the study (scientific, systematic, and data-driven) of the distribution (frequency, pattern) and determinants (causes, risk factors) of health-related states and events (not just diseases) in specified populations (neighborhood, school, city, state, country, global). ...
Which is the most powerful epidemiological study?
Randomized, controlled clinical trials are the most powerful designs possible in medical research, but they are often expensive and time-consuming.
What are the basic concepts of epidemiology?
Epidemiology is based on two fundamental assumptions. First, the occurrence of disease is not random (i.e., various factors influence the likelihood of developing disease). Second, the study of populations enables the identification of the causes and preventive factors associated with disease.
What is the purpose of epidemiology?
Epidemiology identifies the distribution of diseases, factors underlying their source and cause, and methods for their control ; this requires an understanding of how political, social and scientific factors intersect to exacerbate disease risk, which makes epidemiology a unique science.
What are the aims of epidemiology?
Aims of Epidemiology
There are two groups of aims: first, to describe the distribution, the pattern, and the natural history of disease in the general population , and second, to identify factors that may be causal in a disease process, and to evaluate strategies for the control, management, and prevention of a disease.
What are the branches of epidemiology?
- Molecular Epidemiology.
- Disaster Epidemiology.
- Forensic Epidemiology.
- Environmental Epidemiology.
- Travel Epidemiology.
- Occupational Epidemiology.
- References.
