Confounding: basic definition. A mixing of effects between the exposure, the outcome and a third extraneous variable known as a confounder.
What is a confounding variable quizlet example?
Example: Participant may think that the researcher is too young to be credible . Psychological characteristics if the researcher can affect the behavior of the participants. Example: Personality may be off putting or researcher may be in a bad mood.
Which of the following is used to reduce the effects of confounding variables in experiments quizlet?
Randomization reduces the effects of confounding variables.
What is a confounding variable statistics quizlet?
A confounding variable is an explanatory variable that was considered in a study whose effect cannot be distinguished from a second explanatory variable in the study .
Which of the following is the strongest correlation AP Psych?
Correlation coefficients range from -1 to 1, with the strongest correlations being closer to -1 or 1 . A correlation of 0 indicates no relationship between two variables.
How do you know if confounding is present?
Identifying Confounding
In other words, compute the measure of association both before and after adjusting for a potential confounding factor. If the difference between the two measures of association is 10% or more, then confounding was present . If it is less than 10%, then there was little, if any, confounding.
What is a confounding effect quizlet?
Confounding. A distortion of the exposure-disease association due to the influence of a third factor . A confounder may fully or partially account for the observed effect of the study exposure or mask or hide an underlying true association.
What is an example of confounding variable?
A confounding variable is an “extra” variable that you didn't account for . They can ruin an experiment and give you useless results. ... For example, if you are researching whether lack of exercise leads to weight gain, then lack of exercise is your independent variable and weight gain is your dependent variable.
What is the purpose of confounding variables?
In research that investigates a potential cause-and-effect relationship, a confounding variable is an unmeasured third variable that influences both the supposed cause and the supposed effect .
What is simple random sampling quizlet?
A sample of size n from a population of size N is obtained through simple random sampling if every possible sample of size n has an equally likely chance of occurring . ... The sample is then called a simple random sample. You just studied 3 terms!
What is the response variable in the study quizlet?
The response variable, y , is a quantity that varies in a way that we hope to be able to summarize and exploit via the modeling process. ... measures the value of the response variable without attempting to influence the value of either the response or explanatory variables.
What are the two response variables?
One response variable is the amount of time visiting the site. This response variable is quantitative. One response variable is the amount spent by the visitor . This response variable is quantitative.
What is the difference between confounding and lurking variables?
Lurking variable. ... It is not considered in the study but could influence the relationship between the variables in the study. Confounding variable. A variable that is in the study and is related to the other study variables, thus having an effect on the relationship between these variables.
Which if the following is an example of negative correlation?
A student who has many absences has a decrease in grades . As weather gets colder, air conditioning costs decrease. If a train increases speed, the length of time to get to the final point decreases. If a chicken increases in age, the amount of eggs it produces decreases.
Which is an example of negative correlation quizlet?
Give an example of a negative correlation. Is a relationship between two variables in which one variable increases as the other decreases, and vice versa. For example, A student who has many absences has a decrease in grades.
What is a correlation experiment?
Correlational research is a type of non-experimental research method in which a researcher measures two variables, understands and assesses the statistical relationship between them with no influence from any extraneous variable.
