Conjugate depths are the depths (y 1 ) upstream and the depth (y 2 ) downstream of the hydraulic jump whose momentum functions are equal for a given unit discharge , q. ... It is important to note that the conjugate depth is different than the alternate depths for flow which are used in energy conservation calculations.
How do you calculate the depth of a hydraulic jump?
We know that for a given discharge per unit width of a channel, for a given value of the specific energy head E there can be two possible depths of flow d 1 and d 2 . For instance corresponding to specific energy head E = OG [Fig. 14.82], the depth of flow can be d 1 = GH or d 2 = GI.
How do you calculate conjugate depth?
Conjugate depths are determined by the one-dimensional momentum equation as follows:(14) Q 2 g A 1 + A 1 h c 1 = Q 2 g A 2 + A 2 h c 2 where A 1 and A 2 are the cross-sectional areas upstream and downstream of a hydraulic jump, respectively (m 2 ), and h c1 and h c2 are the water depths from the centroids of the cross- ...
How do you calculate alternate depth?
The depths of flow can be either PR = y1 or PR` = y`1 . These two possible depths having the same specific energy are known as alternate depths. In Fig. (5.1), a line (OS) drawn such that E = y (i.e. at 450 to the abscissa) is the asymptote of the upper limb of the specific energy curve.
What is critical depth?
Critical depth is defined as the depth of flow where energy is at a minimum for a particular discharge . Flow profiles are classified by the slope of the channel (So), yn, and yc.
What is alternate depth?
Alternate depths are defined as the depths of flow in open channels for which the specific energy is the same . ... The generalized solution/equation yields both alternate depths from the known value of the non-dimensional specific energy.
How do you find critical depth?
The critical depth for a rectangular channel can be calculated from the fact that the Froude number is equal to one at critical flow conditions. For a rectangular channel , this fact leads to the equation: Vc/(gyc)1/2 = 1 , where the subscript c is used to indicate critical flow conditions for the velocity and depth.
What is the depth of flow?
Normal depth is the depth of flow in a channel or culvert when the slope of the water surface and channel bottom is the same and the water depth remains constant. Normal depth occurs when gravitational force of the water is equal to the friction drag along the culvert and there is no acceleration of flow.
Why do hydraulic jumps happen?
A hydraulic jump is a phenomenon that occurs in fast-moving open flows when the flow becomes unstable . When a jump occurs, the height of the liquid surface increases abruptly resulting in an increased depth and decreased average flow velocity downstream.
How do you measure tailwater depth?
- Choose a depth of flow.
- Calculate the wetted perimeter.
- Calculate the cross-sectional area.
- Calculate the hydraulic radius (Step 3 / Step 2)
- Calculate Q, the flow.
- Repeat.
What is hydraulic depth?
Hydraulic depth, abbreviated as dh, also called hydraulic mean depth, is the area cross-section of water in a pipe or channel divided by the wetting perimeter .
What is Sequent depth?
Conjugate, or sequent, depths are the paired depths that result upstream and downstream of a hydraulic jump , with the upstream flow being supercritical and downstream flow being subcritical.
What is the difference between compensation depth and critical depth?
In Sverdrup’s words, the compensation depth is defined as the depth at which the energy intensity is such that the production by photosynthesis balances destruction by respiration. The critical depth is the depth above which daily integrated net production is zero .
What is the normal depth denoted as?
6. What is the normal depth denoted as? Explanation: Normal depth is denoted as Y n . The normal depth plays an important role in determining the hydraulic slope and hydraulic curve of a fluid flow in motion.
What is the difference between conjugate depth and alternate depth?
Conjugate depths are the depths (y 1 ) upstream and the depth (y 2 ) downstream of the hydraulic jump whose momentum functions are equal for a given unit discharge, q. ... It is important to note that the conjugate depth is different than the alternate depths for flow which are used in energy conservation calculations.
