– Paired Distinctiveness IC: Grouping the Unusual. when distinctive (salient) elements co-occur their distinctiveness makes them stand out in memory and people over estimate the frequency with which they co-occur. – e.g. Minority Status and Crime are both. distinctive.
What is subtyping in psychology?
Subtyping is the process by which group members who disconfirm the stereotype are clustered together to form a subgroup . By segregating such members, the remaining group members can be interpreted as the “real” group, which does in fact maintain the stereotype.
The presence of two or more distinctive features is known as shared distinctiveness or paired distinctiveness in the literature (Hamilton & Gifford, 1976; Johnson & Mullen, 1994; McArthur & Friedman, 1980).
What is ingroup homogeneity?
A close cousin of assimilation is the “outgroup homogeneity effect.” In the language of social psychology, an “ingroup” is a group to which someone belongs , and an “outgroup” is a group to which the person does not belong (hence, one person’s ingroup may be another person’s outgroup, and vice versa).
What is meant by an illusory correlation?
Illusory correlation is the tendency to perceive a relationship of covariation between infrequent behaviors or traits and infrequent classes of people where none exists .
What is cognitive dissonance?
Cognitive dissonance is a theory in social psychology. It refers to the mental conflict that occurs when a person’s behaviors and beliefs do not align . It may also happen when a person holds two beliefs that contradict one another.
What is does optimal distinctiveness theory say?
a conceptual analysis that assumes individuals strive to maintain a balance between three basic needs: the need to be assimilated by groups to which they belong , the need to be connected to friends and loved ones, and the need for autonomy and differentiation. [
What is subtyping in OOP?
Subtyping is a method for substitution and code reuse used in object-oriented programming languages to prevent unnecessary copying of largely similar code and promote code readability and prevent bugs. ... Then, in this case, everything that is provable to the supertype will also be provable to the subtype and more.
What is the difference between subtyping and subgrouping?
Participants were instructed to organize information about group members either by distinguishing stereotype-consistent from stereotype-inconsistent individuals (subtyping instructions), by dividing the individuals into multiple groups on the basis of similarities and differences (subgrouping instructions), or with no ...
What is an example of a stereotype threat?
For example, women might overeat, be more aggressive, make more risky decisions , and show less endurance during physical exercise. The perceived discrimination associated with stereotype threat can also have negative long-term consequences on individuals’ mental health.
What causes outgroup homogeneity?
Self-categorization theory
For outgroups, a perceiver will experience an intergroup context and therefore attend to differences between the two groups. Consequently, less attention is paid to differences between outgroup members and this leads to perceptions of outgroup homogeneity.
How can we reduce outgroup homogeneity?
Successful intergroup contact tends to reduce the perception of outgroup homogeneity. Contact also helps us feel more positively about the members of the other group, and this positive affect makes us like them more.
What is homogeneity in psychology?
1. equality or near equality , particularly between two statistical quantities of interest. The term most often is used in connection with different populations.
What is illusory correlation example?
An illusory correlation happens when we mistakenly over-emphasize one outcome and ignore the others . For example, let’s say you visit New York City and someone cuts you off as you’re boarding the subway train. Then, you go to a restaurant and the waiter is rude to you.
What are some common illusory correlation?
Some examples of illusory correlation include: A man holds the belief that people in urban environments tend to be rude. ... A child makes a record amount of goals in a soccer game when wearing his red socks , so he continues to wear his red socks for each future game, believing that the socks are related to his play.
Is illusory correlation a theory?
This is known as a distinctiveness-based illusory correlation because a relationship is believed to exist between two variables as the result of the special attention given to distinctive (i.e., infrequent) information. ... Alternative theories have been provided to explain why illusory correlations occur.
