Saint Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV) is a Flavivirus that is transmitted to humans by the bite of an infected mosquito. Other viruses that belong to the genus Flavivirus include West Nile, Zika and dengue. The virus is cycled from mosquitoes, to birds, and back to mosquitoes.
What is St Louis disease?
St. Louis encephalitis (SLE) virus is spread to people by the bite of an infected mosquito. Most people infected with SLE virus do not have symptoms. Those people who do become ill may experience fever, headache, nausea, vomiting, and tiredness.
What is SLEV?
Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV) is a member of the family Flaviviridae, genus Flavivirus. Other medically important flaviviruses found in the Americas include West Nile virus and Powassan virus. SLEV has a single-stranded, positive-sense RNA genome. The virus particles are spherical and have a diameter of 40 nm.
What virus causes St Louis encephalitis?
Saint Louis encephalitis virus is transmitted to humans from the bite of an infected Culex species mosquito. It is a flavivirus , a single-stranded RNA virus, which is closely related to the Japanese encephalitis, Powassan and West Nile virus.
What mosquito carries St Louis encephalitis?
The principal vectors are Culex species mosquitoes , including Cx. pipiens and Cx. quinquefasciatus in Eastern states, Cx. nigripalpus in Florida, and Cx.
What is the treatment for St Louis encephalitis?
No vaccine or specific antiviral treatment for SLE is available. Over-the-counter pain relievers can be used to reduce fever and relieve some symptoms. In severe cases, patients often need to be hospitalized to receive supportive treatment, such as intravenous fluids, pain medication, and nursing care.
What diseases are caused by arbovirus?
These infections usually occur during warm weather months, when mosquitoes and ticks are active. Examples include California encephalitis, Chikungunya, dengue, Eastern equine encephalitis, Powassan, St. Louis encephalitis, West Nile, Yellow Fever, and Zika .
What are symptoms of West Nile virus?
Symptoms of severe illness include high fever, headache, neck stiffness, stupor, disorientation, coma, tremors, convulsions, muscle weakness, vision loss, numbness and paralysis .
What is the treatment for West Nile virus?
There is no specific treatment for West Nile virus (WNV) disease; clinical management is supportive. Patients with severe meningeal symptoms often require pain control for headaches and antiemetic therapy and rehydration for associated nausea and vomiting.
What causes tick borne encephalitis virus?
Tick-borne encephalitis, or TBE, is a human viral infectious disease involving the central nervous system. TBE is caused by the tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), a member of the family Flaviviridae, and was initially isolated in 1937.
Why is it called Japanese encephalitis?
Japanese encephalitis virus JEV is the most important cause of viral encephalitis in Asia . It is a mosquito-borne flavivirus, and belongs to the same genus as dengue, yellow fever and West Nile viruses. The first case of Japanese encephalitis viral disease (JE) was documented in 1871 in Japan.
What is arbovirus encephalitis?
Key points on arbovirus encephalitis
Encephalitis is an inflammation of the brain . It is often caused by a viral infection. Arboviruses can cause encephalitis. Arboviruses are passed on to people and animals by insects. In rural areas, mosquitoes and ticks are the most common carriers.
Do mosquitoes carry yellow fever?
Yellow fever virus is transmitted to people primarily through the bite of infected Aedes or Haemagogus species mosquitoes . Mosquitoes acquire the virus by feeding on infected primates (human or non-human) and then can transmit the virus to other primates (human or non-human).
What mosquito transmits the Lacrosse encephalitis virus?
The primary vector of La Crosse encephalitis is the eastern treehole mosquito (Aedes triseriatus) . The treehole mosquito is found almost exclusively in wooded or shady areas, and usually does not fly more than 200 yards from the area where it developed.
Where is flavivirus found?
The Flaviviridae are a family of positive, single-stranded, enveloped RNA viruses. They are found in arthropods, (primarily ticks and mosquitoes) , and can occasionally infect humans. Members of this family belong to a single genus, Flavivirus, and cause widespread morbidity and mortality throughout the world.
What is difference between meningitis and encephalitis?
Meningitis is an infection of the meninges, the membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord. Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain itself. Anyone can get encephalitis or meningitis. Causes of encephalitis and meningitis include viruses, bacteria, fungus, and parasites.
