Open-circuit cooling towers (also referred to as wet cooling towers), where process water directly contacts with the ambient air; Closed-circuit cooling towers, or dry coolers, involve no direct contact between the ambient air and the fluid being cooled .
What are the advantages of dry wet cooling tower?
Better energy generation in the warm seasons comparing to dry cooling. Smaller investments comparing to dry cooling. Smaller footprint comparing to dry cooling. Reduced power consumption for fan operation comparing to dry cooling.
What is a dry cooling tower?
Dry cooling towers conduct heat transfer through air-cooled heat exchangers that separate the working fluid from the cooling air . Because there is no direct contact between the working fluid and the ambient air, there is no water loss in this system. Dry cooling towers have two basic types: direct and indirect systems.
What are the different types of cooling tower?
There are three main types of cooling towers that are defined by how water or air pass through them. These types include crossflow, counterflow, and hyperbolic . There are also two varieties classified solely on airflow, known as induced draft and passive draft cooling towers.
Which type of cooling tower is more efficient?
Counterflow (induced draft) systems are considered the most efficient of the two. Crossflow (forced draft) towers distribute hot water perpendicularly to the air flow, while counterflow towers distribute hot water directly into the air flow.
How wet cooling towers work?
Wet cooling towers use water to cool machinery that heats up (hence the “wet” part of the name) and these towers use the natural process of evaporation to cool machinery. These towers rely on an exchange of heat between the machinery, the water in the tower, and the air passing through the tower.
How do cooling towers work?
Cooling tower systems work by using water to extract waste heat from a system and ejecting it into the atmosphere primarily through evaporation . The three key components of a cooling system are the cooling tower, recirculating pump, and heat exchanger. Water first passes through a heat exchanger where it absorbs heat.
What two types of fan are used for cooling towers?
Mechanical Draft towers tend to use a fan to force the air. Propeller or centrifugal fans are used to circulate air inside the tower. These are much smaller in structure than natural draft towers. Capacity control is easy in these types of towers since the speed of the fan can be controlled.
What is hybrid cooling tower?
Hybrid cooling towers are specifically designed to avoid visible plume in cold, humid ambient conditions and when local constraints require this technology, such as at airports, residential areas, etc. The main advantages are no plume visibility, cost effectiveness and high performance.
What type of system is it when the cooling tower is preferred?
What type of system is it when the cooling tower is preferred? Explanation: When there is a scarcity of water a cooling tower is installed, such system is known as the closed system . In this system the condensed water is cooled by passing it through the cooling tower and water is sprinkled over steam.
What is the application of cooling tower?
Cooling towers are primarily used for heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) and industrial purposes . Cooling towers provide a cost-effective and energy efficient operation of systems in need of cooling. More than 1,500 industrial facilities use large quantities of water to cool their plants 2 .
What is counter flow cooling tower?
In a crossflow tower, air travels horizontally across the direction of the falling water whereas in a counterflow tower air travels in the opposite direction (counter) to the direction of the falling water.
Why are cooling towers so tall?
Reason for general shape: hollow structure is required through which hot air from the bottom, to a cooler top, which is at a lower pressure. More air flowing through the tower means better cooling , so a tower allowing more air to pass through is best (wider tower, more gaps at bottom).
How do you calculate TR on a cooling tower?
Multiply 500 times the water flow rate, times the temperature difference, divided by 12,000 or 500 x q x dt/12,000. The result is the tons of capacity of the cooling tower.
How do you calculate blowdown in a cooling tower?
- Approach = Cold Water Temperature – Wet Bulb Temperature.
- Cooling Tower Efficiency =
- (Hot Water Temperature – Cold water Temperature) x 100/
- (Hot Water Temperature – Wet bulb temperature)
What are the parameters affect to performance of cooling tower?
Cooling tower performance depends on four factors (1) Range; (2) Heat load; (3) Ambient wet-bulb temperature or relative humidity and (4) Approach . Range is the temperature difference between the hot water inlet and cold water outlet at the tower.
