The Facial Action Coding System (FACS) is a comprehensive, anatomically based system for describing all visually discernible facial movement . It breaks down facial expressions into individual components of muscle movement, called Action Units (AUs).
Who developed the Facial Action Coding System?
The Facial Action Coding System (FACS) refers to a set of facial muscle movements that correspond to a displayed emotion. Originally created by Carl-Herman Hjortsjö with 23 facial motion units in 1970, it was subsequently developed further by Paul Ekman, and Wallace Friesen.
What is the Facial Action Coding System designed to record?
FACS coding
FACS coders describe every observable change in facial movement on the basis of Action Units (AUs). They indicate which AUs moved to produce the changes observed in the face.
What did Paul Ekman discover about facial expressions?
He discovered that several facial expressions of emotion, such as fear, anger, sadness, joy, and surprise were universal and that people could easily read these expressions in people from different cultures.
What is facial code?
Facial coding is the process of measuring human emotions through facial expressions . Emotions can be detected by computer algorithms for automatic emotion recognition that record facial expressions via webcam. This can be applied to better understanding of people’s reactions to visual stimuli.
What does the Facial Action Coding System do?
The Facial Action Coding System (FACS) is a comprehensive, anatomically based system for describing all visually discernible facial movement . It breaks down facial expressions into individual components of muscle movement, called Action Units (AUs).
How many action units are there?
Of 44 FACS AUs that they defined, 30 AUs are anatomically related to the contractions of specific facial muscles: 12 are for upper face, and 18 are for lower face. AUs can occur either singly or in combination.
Do I have a Duchenne smile?
A Duchenne smile is the one that reaches your eyes , making the corners wrinkle up with crow’s feet. It’s the smile most of us recognize as the most authentic expression of happiness. Non-Duchenne smiles shouldn’t necessarily be considered “fake,” however. A more accurate way of describing them might be “polite.”
What is a FACS rig?
Facial Action Coding System’s (FACS) are a feature often used within animation pipelines for visual effects and games production . ... When multiple expressions are combined together you can begin to build a facial rig which acts as a puppet that can be used to create animation.
What happens to the chin when someone is angry?
A person may thrust their lower jaw forward when making the anger expression. Also, the jaws may be clenched for a moment, producing a transient depression on the cheeks. It’s almost as if by clenching the jaws and pressing the teeth together, the person is symbolically ‘biting’ his source of anger.
When did Paul Ekman discover facial expressions?
Ekman, P. ( 1970 ). Universal Facial Expressions of Emotions. California Mental Health Research Digest, 8(4), 151-158.
What are the 7 Microexpressions?
Thus there is strong evidence for the universal facial expressions of seven emotions – anger, contempt, disgust, fear, joy, sadness, and surprise (see Figure 1). Figure 1: The Seven Basic Emotions and their Universal Expressions.
What are emotions Paul Ekman?
What are the six basic emotions according to Paul Ekman? Dr. Ekman identified the six basic emotions as anger, surprise, disgust, enjoyment, fear, and sadness . His research shows the strongest evidence to date of a seventh emotion, which is contempt.
How does FACS identify appearance changes?
Using FACS human coders can manually code nearly any anatomically possible facial expression , deconstructing it into the specific action units (AU) and their temporal segments that produced the expression. ... FACS defines AUs, which are a contraction or relaxation of one or more muscles.
What is action unit?
the simplest facial movement used as a code in the Facial Action Coding System. Action units are the visible signs of the operation of single facial muscles.
What is part of the lower face?
The term “midface” describes the area from the corners of your eyes to the corners of your mouth, so this includes your nose, cheeks and the area above your upper lip. Finally, the “lower face” includes everything below the corners of your mouth . That would include the nasolabial folds (laugh lines) and jawline.
