Critical depth is an important value in hydraulic analysis because it is a control in reaches of non-uniform flow whenever the flow changes from subcritical to supercritical .
What is the meaning of critical depth?
In biological oceanography, ‘Critical Depth’ is defined as a hypothesized surface mixing depth at which phytoplankton growth is precisely matched by losses of phytoplankton biomass within this depth interval . This concept is useful for understanding the initiation of phytoplankton blooms.
What is critical depth in hydrology?
Critical depth is defined as the depth of flow where energy is at a minimum for a particular discharge .
How do you find critical depth?
The critical depth for a rectangular channel can be calculated from the fact that the Froude number is equal to one at critical flow conditions . For a rectangular channel , this fact leads to the equation: Vc/(gyc)1/2 = 1, where the subscript c is used to indicate critical flow conditions for the velocity and depth.
What happens when the gate opening is greater than the critical depth?
If the gate opening is equal or greater than the critical water depth, no hydraulic jump would occur , and the gate will not able to regulate the flow in that case (Yen et al.
How is critical depth affected by flow rate?
Critical depth is a quantity of fundamental importance to understanding the flow characteristics . If the actual depth is greater than critical depth, then the flow is considered “subcritical”. Subcritical flow is “slow flow” and is impacted by downstream conditions.
What is normal depth of flow?
Normal depth is the depth of flow in a channel or culvert when the slope of the water surface and channel bottom is the same and the water depth remains constant. Normal depth occurs when gravitational force of the water is equal to the friction drag along the culvert and there is no acceleration of flow.
What is the difference between compensation depth and critical depth?
In Sverdrup’s words, the compensation depth is defined as the depth at which the energy intensity is such that the production by photosynthesis balances destruction by respiration. The critical depth is the depth above which daily integrated net production is zero .
When the depth is normal which parameter is zero?
When the depth is normal, which parameter is zero? Explanation: Normal depth is a depth of flow in the channel . It is created when the slope of the water surface and channel bottom is the same and the water depth remains the same throughout the entire flow.
How do you calculate normal depth?
Answer: normal depth = 1.02 m . (b) Geometry: trapezoidal cross-section with base width b, surface width + 2 × (2h) and two sloping side lengths √h2 + (2h)2 = h√5.
What is critical depth meter?
Explanation: For a given value of specific energy, the critical depth gives the greatest discharge in an open channel, or conversely, for a given discharge, the specific energy is a minimum for the critical depth. ... Critical depth meter is frequently used to measure discharge in open channels .
How is Froude number calculated?
It is generally expressed as Fr = v/(gd) 1 / 2 , in which d is depth of flow, g is the gravitational acceleration (equal to the specific weight of the water divided by its density, in fluid mechanics), v is the celerity of a small surface (or gravity) wave, and Fr is the Froude number.
How do you open a sluice gate?
After crashing through the docks, Moreau will mention that the exit is now underwater, so you’ll need to find a way to lower the water level in The Reservoir. Luckily, you can drop down and investigate a nearby gatehouse to find a control panel for opening the sluice gates.
Why is open channel flow important?
An open channel is the flow of liquids that flows with a free surface, and are at some point “open” to the atmosphere. ... more important that open channel flows are metered effectively and efficiently – minimizing the overall margin of error.
What are Sluice gates used for?
What is a sluice gate? The gate that controls a sluice is a valve known as a “sluice gate.” These valves are designed to seal in one direction and commonly are used to control water levels and flow rates in rivers and canals . They also are used in wastewater treatment plants.
