A police lineup (in American English) or identity parade (in British English) is a process by which a crime victim or witness’s putative identification of a suspect is confirmed to a level that can count as evidence at trial.
What are some traits that detectives would have to control when they arrange a suspect lineup?
- Identification information and sources of all photos used.
- Names of all persons present at the photo lineup.
- Date and time of the identification procedure.
What are the different types of eyewitness identification?
- Lineups and Showups. During an investigation, law enforcement may use a lineup of a suspect and four to five other individuals. ...
- Photo Identification. ...
- Motion to Suppress Identifications.
What type of false identification can come from a lineup and why is it important for a lawyer to be present at the lineup?
If a suspect had a lawyer and he or she was not present during a physical lineup, the lawyer can attempt to have the identification at the lineup suppressed from evidence. One reason why it is important for a lawyer to be present during a physical lineup is to prevent bias or improper procedures .
What are foils in a lineup?
Lineup fillers, also known as foils ( an innocent person in a police lineup ), serve the major purpose of testing an eyewitness’s recognition memory for a criminal perpetrator so as to establish evidence that the suspect is guilty of the crime.
What are the three basic types of identification procedures?
The three basic types of identification procedures are: Lineup, show-up, and photographic array .
How accurate is eyewitness identification?
Research has found that eyewitness-identification testimony can be very unreliable . ... Although witnesses can often be very confident that their memory is accurate when identifying a suspect, the malleable nature of human memory and visual perception makes eyewitness testimony one of the most unreliable forms of evidence.
What are the 2 main types of evidence?
There are two types of evidence; namely, direct evidence and circumstantial evidence .
How accurate are lineups?
That is, assuming the equal variance model is correct, 35% of the photo lineups contained a guilty suspect and 65% contained an innocent suspect. At first glance, this relatively low estimate of the proportion of lineups containing a guilty suspect might be regarded as problematic.
Why are sequential lineups better?
According to the absolute-relative judgment theory (Wells, 1984), sequential lineups result in better witness discrimination because the format encourages people to make a strict judgment against their own memory .
Can you refuse to participate in a lineup?
As a condition of granting bail or OR release, a judge may require a suspect to participate in a lineup. ... Unless they have a court order, the police cannot compel suspects who have not been arrested to participate in a lineup.
What is the Wade Gilbert rule?
United States v. Wade, together with Gilbert v. California, created the Wade-Gilbert Rule. Under this rule, the Supreme court held post-indictment lineups are a critical stage of the criminal prosecution and the defendant is entitled to have their counsel present at critical stages under the Sixth Amendment .
How are people selected for lineups?
The suspect, along with several “fillers” or “foils”—people of similar height, build, and complexion who may be prisoners, actors, police officers, or volunteers—stand side-by-side, both facing and in profile. There is crucial information that should be conveyed to the eyewitness prior to viewing the lineup.
How many fillers are in a lineup?
Lineups are modeled by compiling the proper number of vectors (typically 6), which includes the guilty suspect (PERP) with five fillers in target-present lineups, or the innocent suspect with five fillers in target-absent lineups.
What are foils in psychology?
And a foil is: In research methodology, another name for a distractor . For example, in a multiple choice question, the correct answer is the “target”, and the rest are “foils” or distractors. This is similar to a police lineup, where the suspect is the “target”, and the rest are “foils” or fillers.
What is a foil in eyewitness testimony?
Experimental research on eyewitness identification follows a standard principle of experimental design. Perpetrator-present and perpetrator-absent lineups are constructed with the same foils, so that the two conditions are identical except for the presence or absence ofthe trueperpetrator ofthe crime.
