e) Spreads: A spread is an extension of a cohesive soil or rock mass combined with a general subsidence of the fractured mass of cohesive material into softer underlying material . The rupture surface is not a surface of intense shear. Spreads may result from liquefaction or flow (and extrusion) of the softer material.
What are the types of mass?
- Rockfall. Bits of rock fall off the cliff face, usually due to freeze-thaw weathering.
- Mudflow. Saturated soil (soil filled with water) flows down a slope.
- Landslide. Large blocks of rock slide downhill.
- Rotational slip. Saturated soil slumps down a curved surface.
What are the type of mass movement of Topple?
Topple. This is characterized by the tilting of rock without collapse, or by the forward rotation of rocks about a pivot point . Topples have a rapid rate of movement and failure is generally influenced by the fracture pattern in rock. Material descends by abrupt falling, sliding, bouncing and rolling.
What is the movement of spread?
landslides. In landslide: Types of landslides. A spread is the complex lateral movement of relatively coherent earth materials resting on a weaker substrate that is subject to liquefaction or plastic flow.
What are the 4 types of mass wasting?
The most common mass-wasting types are falls, rotational and translational slides, flows, and creep .
What are the six types of mass movement?
Types of Mass Movement: Creep; Fall, Slip, Flow; Solifluction ; Rock Glaciers; Slumping (Earthflow); Mudflow (lahar); Debris Flow, Debris Slide, Debris Avalanche; Rockslide; Rockfall; Debris Fall.
What are different types of mass movement class 11?
TYPES OF MASS MOVEMENTS: creep, flow, slide and fall . mass movements are active over weathered slopes than unwethered slopes. mass movements are aided by gravity not any erosional agent. mass movements do not come under erosion though there is shift of material.
What are 4 types of landslides?
Landslides are part of a more general erosion or surficial pro- cess known as mass wasting, which is simply the downslope movement of earth or surface materials due to gravity. They are classified into four main types: fall and toppling, slides (rotational and translational), flows and creep .
What are examples of mass movement?
Mass wasting is the movement of rock and soil down slope under the influence of gravity. Rock falls, slumps, and debris flows are all examples of mass wasting. Often lubricated by rainfall or agitated by seismic activity, these events may occur very rapidly and move as a flow.
What is the fastest type of mass movement?
Rockfalls occur when rock fragments fall from steep cliffs. This is the fastest type of mass movement. The fragments may be as tiny as pebbles or as huge as giant boulders. Landslides occur when large amounts of loose rock combined with soil fall suddenly down a slope.
How do humans affect mass movement?
Humans can contribute to mass wasting in a few different ways: Excavation of slope or its toe . Loading of slope or its crest. Drawdown (of reservoirs)
What are causes of mass movement?
Gravity is the main force responsible for mass movements. Gravity is a force that acts everywhere on the Earth’s surface, pulling everything in a direction toward the center of the Earth. On a flat surface, parallel to the Earth’s surface, the force of gravity acts downward.
What is the slowest type of mass movement?
The slowest type of mass movement is creep . This occurs on slopes where there is significant plant or tree growth.
How do you classify mass wasting?
- There are three criteria used to classify slope failures:
- The type of material that failed (e.g., bedrock or unconsolidated sediment),
- The mechanism of the failure (how the material moved as it failed), and.
- The rate of movement (how quickly the material moved).
Why does mass wasting occur everywhere?
The causes of mass wasting include an increased slope steepness, increased water, decreased vegetation and earthquakes . One of the types of mass wasting that is an example of the slope failing is a slump. This is the sliding of coherent rock material along a curved surface.
What is Flow mass wasting?
Mass wasting – is movement in which bed rock, rock debris , or soil moves downslope in bulk, or as a mass, because of the pull of gravity. ... Flow – The debris is moving downslope as a viscous fluid. A mudflow is a flowing mixture of debris and water, usually moving down a channel.
