Web of Causation. 17 Rothman’s model has emphasised that the causes of disease comprise a collection of factors . These factors represent pieces of a pie, the whole pie (combinations of factors) is the sufficient cause for a disease. May be several pies for a disease or syndrome.
Who gave web of causation?
Web of causation theory
The terms primary, secondary and tertiary prevention were first documented in the late 1940s by Hugh Leavell and E.
What is web of causation used for?
The web of causation emphasises proximate determinants of disease amenable to intervention through individual level health care but taking into account larger social networks (see Venkatapuram, 2011, pp.
Why is causation important in epidemiology?
Epidemiology has a vested interest in causation as, despite its numerous and often vague definitions, it is a discipline with the goal of identifying causes of disease (both modifiable and nonmodifiable) so that the disease or its consequences might be prevented.
What is causation disease?
An individual factor that contributes to cause disease is shown as a piece of a pie. After all the pieces of a pie fall into place, the pie is complete — and disease occurs. The individual factors are called component causes. The complete pie, which might be considered a causal pathway, is called a sufficient cause.
What is the concept of disease?
A disease is a particular abnormal condition that negatively affects the structure or function of all or part of an organism , and that is not due to any immediate external injury. Diseases are often known to be medical conditions that are associated with specific signs and symptoms.
What are the factors which cause diseases?
- Bacteria. These one-cell organisms are responsible for illnesses such as strep throat, urinary tract infections and tuberculosis.
- Viruses. Even smaller than bacteria, viruses cause a multitude of diseases ranging from the common cold to AIDS.
- Fungi. ...
- Parasites.
What is the iceberg phenomenon?
The iceberg phenomenon describe a situation in which a large percentage of a problem is subclinical, unreported, or otherwise hidden from view . Thus, only the “tip of the iceberg” is apparent to the epidemiologist.
Does not mean causation?
The phrase “correlation does not imply causation” refers to the inability to legitimately deduce a cause-and-effect relationship between two events or variables solely on the basis of an observed association or correlation between them. ...
Who was the father of public health?
Prince Mahdol’s life and work (1891-1929) remains a great inspiration to all Thai medical and public health personnel. He was named ‘Father of Public Health and Modem Medicine’ in Thailand because of his great contributions in these two important areas.
What are the five conditions of causation?
Since the description of the criteria, many methods to systematically evaluate the evidence supporting a causal relationship have been published, for example the five evidence-grading criteria of the World Cancer Research Fund (Convincing; Probable; Limited evidence – suggestive; Limited evidence – no conclusion; ...
Why is understanding causation important?
When changes in one variable cause another variable to change, this is described as a causal relationship. The most important thing to understand is that correlation is not the same as causation – sometimes two things can share a relationship without one causing the other.
What’s the difference between association and causation?
Association is a statistical relationship between two variables . Two variables may be associated without a causal relationship. ... Causation: Causation means that the exposure produces the effect.
What are epidemiological factors?
1: Epidemiologic Factors Events, characteristics, or other definable entities that have the potential to bring about a change in a health condition or other defined outcome .
What are theories of causation?
The basic idea is that, although correlation or statistical dependence cannot determine the causal relationship between two variables, it can, under plausible assumptions, determine some causal relationships when three or more variables are considered. ...
Is a communicable disease spread by pathogen?
Pathogens , including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protists, cause communicable diseases. A person may develop a communicable disease after becoming infected by the pathogen. This may happen through: direct contact with a person carrying the pathogen.
