For example, some subjects were asked, “About how fast were the cars going when they hit each other? ” while others were asked, “About how fast were the cars going when they smashed into each other?” As Fillmore (1971) and Bransford and McCarrell (in press) have noted, hit and si.
What was the leading question in Loftus and Palmer?
Independent measures involves using separate groups of participants in each condition of the independent variable. In this study 9 participants were randomly allocated to one of the 5 conditions, based on the verb used to ask the leading question: smashed, collided, bumped, hit, and contacted.
What was Loftus and Palmers hypothesis?
Loftus and Palmer aimed to show that leading questions could distort EWT accounts via the cues provided in the question . To test this hypothesis, Loftus and Palmer asked people to estimate the speed of motor vehicles using different forms of questions after they had observed a car accident.
Who did research into leading questions?
Loftus and Palmer (1974) conducted a classic experiment to investigate the effect of leading questions on the accuracy of eyewitness testimony. Their sample consisted of 45 American students, who were divided into five groups of nine.
What did Loftus and colleagues found in their study about eyewitness testimony?
Recently, Loftus and her associates have demonstrated that the ability of subjects to respond accurately to questioning about an event they witnessed can be systematically imparied by the interposition of misleading questions between exposure to the event and assessment of accuracy . ... According to E. F.
What is a false memory syndrome?
False Memory Syndrome (FMS) is caused by memories of a traumatic episode, most commonly childhood sexual abuse , which are objectively false, but in which the person strongly believes. These pseudomemories usually arise in the context of adult psychotherapy and are often quite vivid and emotionally charged.
What are misleading questions?
What is Misleading Question? Or argumentative question means that a question (a) uses logic in such a way that it deliberately causes someone to reach an incorrect conclusion, and (b) makes an argument rather than asks a question.
What is the Lost in the Mall experiment?
The “lost in the mall” technique or experiment is a memory implantation technique used to demonstrate that confabulations about events that never took place – such as having been lost in a shopping mall as a child – can be created through suggestions made to experimental subjects that their older relative was present ...
What was the significance of Loftus smashed versus contacted study quizlet?
The entire experiment lasted about an hour and a half and a different ordering of the films was presented to each group of Ps. These results show that the phrasing of the question brought about a change in speed estimate. The verb ‘smashed' elicited a higher speed estimate that the verb ‘contacted' .
What was the car crash experiment?
Each participant was to watch a film of a traffic accident provided to them , ranging in duration from 5 to 30 seconds. ... After watching the film, the participants were to describe what they witnessed. They were each asked a series of specific questions, with careful wording.
What are examples of leading questions?
For example, if an examiner asks a witness whether he was home on the night of the murder , that's a leading question. The phrasing assumes a murder indeed took place, and leads the witness to answer in a way that directly relates to his home.
Why are leading questions bad when interviewing a witness?
Leading questions result in biased or false answers, as respondents are prone to simply mimic the words of the interviewer . How we word these questions may affect the user response and also may give them extra clues about the interface.
What is a leading question in court?
Primary tabs. A type of questioning in that the form of the question suggests the answer . In general, leading questions are not allowed during the direct examination of a witness, however, they are allowed on the cross-examination of a witness.
Does Elizabeth Loftus believe in repressed memories?
While consulting on a case, Loftus became highly interested in repressed memories and was shocked to find a widespread belief in the legality of such memories with almost no credible support.
Does Loftus believe in repressed memories?
Some scholars have proposed that Loftus has her own repressed memories . “She has not been able to integrate her own experience into her research,” two literary critics wrote, in 2001.
What are the effects of leading questions?
Intentionally or accidentally, leading questions can impact on the testimonies provided by eyewitnesses in trials , influence referendum outcomes and affect the accuracy of survey results. Beyond the phrasing of questions, a number of other factors can also affect the answers given to questions.
