Iconoclastic Controversy, a dispute over the use of religious images (icons) in the Byzantine Empire in the 8th and 9th centuries. The defenders of the use of icons insisted on the symbolic nature of images and on the dignity of created matter.
What caused the iconoclastic controversy in the Byzantine Empire?
According to the traditional view, Byzantine Iconoclasm was started by a ban on religious images by Emperor Leo III and continued under his successors. It was accompanied by widespread destruction of images and persecution of supporters of the veneration of images .
What was an effect of the iconoclastic controversy?
An effect of the Iconoclastic Controversy was the revolts against Byzantine rulers began, illustrating a severe break in relations between East and West .
What was the iconoclast controversy and what caused it?
The Iconoclasts (those who rejected images) objected to icon veneration for several reasons, including the Old Testament prohibition against images in the Ten Commandments (Exodus 20:4) and the possibility of idolatry .
What was the impact of iconoclasm have on Byzantium?
Social and class-based arguments have been put forward, such as the assertion that iconoclasm created political and economic divisions in Byzantine society , and that it was generally supported by the eastern, poorer, non-Greek peoples of the empire who had to constantly deal with Arab raids.
What were the two main reasons for the decline of the Byzantine Empire?
- Civil wars.
- Fall of the theme system.
- Increasing reliance on mercenaries.
- Loss of control over revenue.
- The failed Union of the Churches.
- Crusaders.
- Rise of the Seljuks and Ottomans.
What did iconoclasts believe?
Iconoclasm (from Greek: εἰκών, eikṓn, ‘figure, icon’ + κλάω, kláō, ‘to break’) is the social belief in the importance of the destruction of icons and other images or monuments , most frequently for religious or political reasons.
What was an effect of the iconoclastic controversy quizlet?
What was an effect of the Iconoclastic Controversy? The revolts against Byzantine rulers began, illustrating a severe break in relations between East and West . How did religious leaders attempt to resolve the Iconoclast Controversy? Religious councils were formed to try to settle the issue.
What effect did the iconoclast controversy have quizlet?
The Iconoclast Controversy added to the growing tensions between the EAST and the WEST because due to a language barrier , Western Bishops turned against the 2nd Council of Nicea because they thought it had authorized the ADORATION of icons.
What were the two opposing opinions during the iconoclastic controversy 5 points?
The two opposing opinions during the Iconoclastic Controversy were the “iconophiles” , those who believed that icons did not violate Christian teachings and that they should continue to be used in the religion, and the “iconoclasts”, those who believed that the icons commonly used in churches and religious practices ...
What does Filioque mean in Christianity?
Filioque, (Latin: “and from the Son ”), phrase added to the text of the Christian creed by the Western church in the Middle Ages and considered one of the major causes of the schism between the Eastern and Western churches.
Who are famous iconoclasts?
Berns profiles people such as Walt Disney , the iconoclast of animation; Natalie Maines, an accidental iconoclast; and Martin Luther King, who conquered fear. Berns says that many successful iconoclasts are made not born. For various reasons, they simply see things differently than other people do.
Why was the Filioque clause added?
According to John Meyendorff, and John Romanides the Frankish efforts to get new Pope Leo III to approve the addition of Filioque to the Creed were due to a desire of Charlemagne , who in 800 had been crowned in Rome as Emperor, to find grounds for accusations of heresy against the East.
What caused the iconoclasm of 726 CE and what was the result?
Iconoclasts’ protests of worshiping icons was the cause of the Iconoclastic Controversy in 726 C.E., when emperor Leo III, an iconoclast, ordered all icons in every citizen’s home to be destroyed . An opinion that conflicts with official church beliefs. ... The two churches remain separate to this day.
What is the significance of iconoclasm?
Iconoclasm literally means “image breaking” and refers to a recurring historical impulse to break or destroy images for religious or political reasons . For example, in ancient Egypt, the carved visages of some pharaohs were obliterated by their successors; during the French Revolution, images of kings were defaced.
What was the effect of the founding of Constantinople?
A. It divided the Roman Empire into the East and the West.
