What were the common crises and achievements of the 17th century European states? – the “Great Chain of Being” : monarchs, clergy, nobles, peasants and artisans. – little ice age caused famine which lead to starvation, malnutrition, and death. – most people died of diseases not starvation (i.e. Smallpox and typhoid).
What were some common crises of 17th century European states?
The seventeenth century was a period of crisis and transformation in Europe. Agricultural and manufacturing slumps led to food shortages and shrinking population rates . Religious and dynastic conflicts led to almost constant war, visiting violence and destruction on ordinary people and reshaping European states.
What obstacles existed in the seventeenth century to building a strong state?
Seventeenth-Century State Building: Common Obstacles and Achievements: Both absolute and constitutional monarchs overcame obstacles such as primitive transportation, poor communication, and power rivalries to expand the state’s power by increasing taxes , enlarging armed forces and bureaucracies, and compelling greater ...
Which two German states emerged as important powers in the seventeenth century?
The French king, Louis XIV, is regarded as the best example of a seventeenth century absolutist ruler. Louis used all means at his disposal to keep power firmly in his own hands. In the absence of a centralized German state, Prussia and Austria emerged as great European powers.
Which European nation was most impacted by absolutism?
Spain saw a series of absolute monarchs. Some of the best examples of these were Philip II, Philip III and Charles IV of Spain, who ruled during Spain’s heyday as the strongest naval empire coming out of Europe in the 16 th and 17 th centuries.
What happened in the 17th century in Europe?
Europe engaged with the rest of the world through trade, exploration and colonialism , from the Ottoman Empire, to Spanish America, to the Dutch in south-east Asia. The intellectual sphere saw the scientific revolution and the early enlightenment, as witnessed for instance in the work of Gallileo, Spinoza and Descartes.
When was the 17th century?
The 17th century was the century that lasted from January 1, 1601 (MDCI), to December 31, 1700 (MDCC) .
Why did absolutism emerge in the 17th century?
Absolutism was primarily motivated by the crises of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. ... In this context, absolute monarchies were regarded as the solution to these violent disorders, and Europeans were more than willing to have local autonomy* or political rights taken away in exchange for peace and safety.
Which two European states were not absolutist monarchies and developed constitutional States in the seventeenth century?
Holland and England defied the general trend toward absolute monarchy. Violently resisting the Stuart Kings’ claims to absolute power, England descended into civil war and finally emerged with a constitutional monarchy.
What good and bad did Ivan the Terrible do?
What good and bad did Ivan the Terrible do? Ivan the Terrible did a good deed by setting up a code of laws but did bad deeds by killing his son and executing traitors by using a secret police .
What forms did absolute monarchy take in Europe during the seventeenth century?
The absolute monarchies in France, Prussia, Austria, and Russia; details such as Louis XIV’s pursuit of power through war and his control of nationwide policy making; Frederick William’s establishment of a large Prussian army and the General War Commissariat; the Hapsburgs ‘ creation of an Austrian empire of ...
What was Germany called in the 17th century?
In the 17th century, the Hohenzollern family ruled both Brandenburg and East Prussia . In 1701 the ruler of both was Elector Frederick III. In that year he crowned himself King of Prussia. Soon the whole realm was called Prussia.
How did Prussia and Austria emerge as great powers in the 17th and 18th century?
How did Prussia and Austria emerge as great powers in seventeenth- and eighteenth-century Europe? Prussia had a large army that only had to protect a small area . They were good with their spendings, but the government eventually became absolutist.
What were the main issues between king and Parliament in seventeenth century England?
The main issue was a disagreement between the king and Parliament about who had ultimate political power . King Charles believed in Divine Right, the idea that he was king because God wanted him to be. Therefore, his subjects should obey him as they would obey God – unconditionally.
What common goals did many monarchs have during the age of absolutism?
Absolutism is characterized by the ending of feudal partitioning, consolidation of power with the monarch , rise of state power, unification of the state laws, and a decrease in the influence of the Church and the nobility.
What were the effects of absolutism in Europe?
Effects of Absolutism
They would set up large royal courts . These were an extended royal household, including all those who regularly attend to the monarch and royal family. Monarchs would do this in order to appear more powerful and to control the nobility. They also regulated religion to control the spread of ideas.
What was the seventeenth century known for?
The turbulent 17th century: Civil War, regicide, the Restoration and the Glorious Revolution . The 17th century was a time of great political and social turmoil in England, marked by civil war and regicide. ... The 17th century was a period of huge political and social upheaval.
What major events happened in the 1700s?
- 1701- 1714: War of the Spanish Succession.
- 1703: Saint Petersburg founded by Peter the Great. ...
- 1707: Act of Union passed merging the Scottish and the English Parliaments, thus establishing The Kingdom of Great Britain.
- 1707: After Aurangzeb’s death, the Mughal Empire enters a long decline.
What happened in the seventeenth century?
17th Century Timeline: 1601 to 1700. 1601 Dutch defeat the Portuguese in a naval battle in the Indonesian Archipelago (the Spice Islands). 1602 Shah Abbas of Iran drives the Portuguese from Bahrain. 1602 The Dutch government (United Netherlands) grants the Dutch East India Company a monopoly to pursue trade in Asia.
What did happen in the seventeenth century?
1647–1652: The Great Plague of Seville . 1648: The Peace of Westphalia ends the Thirty Years’ War and the Eighty Years’ War and marks the ends of Spain and the Holy Roman Empire as major European powers. 1648–1653: Fronde civil war in France. ... 1648–1667: The Deluge wars leave Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth in ruins.
What era was 1609?
1609 (MDCIX) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar, the 1609th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 609th year of the 2nd millennium, the 9th year of the 17th century , and the 10th and last year of the ...
Why is the 17th century the 1600s?
Originally Answered: Is 1600 16th century or 17th century ? The 17th century was the century that lasted from January 1, 1601, to December 31, 1700 (Gregorian calendar). The 16th century begins with the Julian year 1501 and ends with either the Julian or the Gregorian year 1600. So, it was 16th.
What form of government was most effective democracy or absolutism for the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries in Europe?
The form of government during these centuries that was most effective was democracy . Many rulers used absolutism in their countries. They believed rulers should have complete control over the country.
How did the Reformation help cause absolutism in Europe?
In part, the Protestant Reformation allowed for the rise of Absolutism. Monarchs in the 1500s used the new faith as an excuse to force their authority to become the protecting power against control by the Roman Catholic Church, its popes, and other Catholic rulers.
Why did absolutism fail in Europe?
During the late 17th and early 18th century, many European nations such as France and Russia were absolute monarchies. Absolutism failed because the monarchs’ mistreatment of the population caused the people to revolt against their rule and policies . ...
What revolutionary discoveries were made in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries?
What revolutionary discoveries were made in the 16th and 17th centuries? The discoveries often proved theories like, the heliocentric theory, laws of inertia , discovery of Jupiter’s moons, orbits, gravity.
What challenges did Ivan the Terrible face?
Upon the death of his first wife in 1560, Ivan IV went into a deep depression and his behavior became more erratic. His suspicion that she had been murdered by the boyars only deepened his paranoia. He left Moscow suddenly and threatened to abdicate the throne .
What did Ivan the Terrible achieve?
He is popularly known as Ivan the Terrible or Ivan the Fearsome for his explosive temper. He conquered the Khanates of Astrakhan, Kazan and Sibir and under his reign Russia had an area of over one billion acres. He established a centrally administered Russian state and included non-Slav states in his empire.
What did Ivan the Terrible accomplish?
Key Accomplishments: Ivan IV, aka “Ivan the Terrible,” was the first tsar of a united Russia, previously an assortment of duchies. He expanded Russian borders and reformed its government , but also laid the foundation for absolute rule that would eventually bring down the Russian monarchy, centuries later.
How did famine affect the European population in the 17th century?
How did famines affect the European population in the seventeenth century? Malnutrition made people susceptible to deadly diseases , which reduced the population significantly.
What European states in the 17th and 18th centuries were known for absolute monarchies?
By the 16th century monarchical absolutism prevailed in much of western Europe, and it was widespread in the 17th and 18th centuries. Besides France , whose absolutism was epitomized by Louis XIV, absolutism existed in a variety of other European countries, including Spain, Prussia, and Austria.
How was Europe affected by social and economic crises in the seventeenth century? Europe was affected by social and economic crises because there population decreased, there mines were producing less silver, and fleets were attacked by pirates . What were the cause and affects of the Thirty Year War?
How did Austria and Prussia emerged as great powers?
How did 2 great empires of Austria & Prussia emerge from the 30 Years’ War & other events? After the 30 years’s war decimated the Holy Roman Empire , strong rulers Maria Teresa, Frederick I, & Frederick II consolidated power & territory to build their empires. ... War depopulated the German states.
When was the 17th and 18th century?
| Millennium: 2nd millennium | State leaders: 17th century 18th century 19th century | Decades: 1700s 1710s 1720s 1730s 1740s 1750s 1760s 1770s 1780s 1790s |
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When did the constitutional monarchy emerge in Great Britain during the seventeenth century?
England, Scotland and the United Kingdom
In the Kingdom of England, the Glorious Revolution of 1688 furthered the constitutional monarchy, restricted by laws such as the Bill of Rights 1689 and the Act of Settlement 1701, although the first form of constitution was enacted with the Magna Carta of 1215.
How did art and literature in late sixteenth and early seventeenth century Europe reflect the political and religious conflicts of the time?
The arts such as theater reflected the political and religious conflicts of the time because playwrights wrote works that were meant to please nobles, lawyers, merchants, and vagabonds, and all religions alike. The admission price was as little as one or two pennies, meaning that all people could attend these plays.
What factor led to widespread hysteria regarding witchcraft during the seventeenth century?
What factor led to widespread hysteria regarding witchcraft during the seventeenth century? The religious zeal that led to the Inquisition and the hunt for heretics (one who doesn’t conform to established doctrine) combined to fuel hysteria regarding witchcraft.
What happened to Germany in the 1700s?
Germany, or more exactly the old Holy Roman Empire, in the 18th century entered a period of decline that would finally lead to the dissolution of the Empire during the Napoleonic Wars. ... The Kingdom of Prussia emerged as the leading state of the Empire.
Who ruled Germany in the 1700s?
Brandenburg became known as Prussia in 1701 when its ruler crowned himself King Frederick I of Prussia . Prussia acquired the rest of Pomerania after defeating Sweden in the Great Northern War (1700-21).
Why did Germans migrate to America in the 1700s?
1709: In the wake of devastation caused by wars of Louis XIV, German Palatines settled in the Hudson Valley and Pennsylvania. 1717: The English Parliament legalized transportation to American colonies as punishment ; contractors began regular shipments from jails, mostly to Virginia and Maryland.
What in general was the relationship between Parliament and Kings?
What, in general, was the relationship between Parliament and kings Charles II and James II? The kings respected Parliament’s limits on their power. ... The kings gave in to Parliament when there was a disagreement. The kings continued to challenge Parliament’s authority.
What were the causes and effects of the Glorious Revolution?
What were the causes and effects of the Glorious Revolution? A cause of the Glorious Revolution is the invitation sent inform William most of kingdoms people wanted a change . James was Catholic displaying Catholicism violating English law Parliament offered the throne to William and Mary.
What caused the conflict between the English monarchy and Parliament?
Charles I and the Power to Tax . Charles I’s attempt to impose taxes not authorized by Parliament contributed to the ongoing conflict between the king and Parliament and eventually resulted in the passing of the 1628 Petition of Right.
