The electron transport chain activity takes place in the inner membrane and the space between the inner and outer membrane , called the intermembrane space.
Where is the ETC located in the mitochondria?
In eukaryotes, the electron transport chain is located in the inner mitochondrial membrane . In prokaryotes, it is located within the plasma membrane.
Where does etc occur in humans?
The electron transport chain is a series of electron transporters embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane that shuttles electrons from NADH and FADH 2 to molecular oxygen.
Where does ETS occur in a cell?
An electron transport system (ETS) is composed of a series of membrane-associated protein complexes and associated mobile accessory electron carriers. The ETS is embedded in the cytoplasmic membrane of prokaryotes and the inner mitochondrial membrane of eukaryotes .
Why ETC is important?
The ETC is the most important stage of cellular respiration from an energy point of view because it produces the most ATP. ... When a cell needs energy, it breaks the third phosphate group bond and uses the resulting energy.
What is the main purpose of the ETC?
Explanation: The electron transport chain is primarily used to send protons across the membrane into the intermembrane space . This create a proton-motive force, which will drive ATP synthase in the final step of cellular respiration to create ATP from ADP and a phosphate group.
What is the relationship between ETC and oxygen?
Explanation: Oxygen acts as the terminal electron acceptor in the electron transport chain (ETC). This accounts for the reason as to why, when cells are starved of oxygen, the ETC “backs up” and the cell will divert to using anaerobic respiration, such as fermentation.
How does ETC produce ATP?
The ETC Links Chemical Energy to H + Pumping Out of the Mitochondria. The ETC consists of an array of proteins inserted in the inner mitochondrial membrane. ... This pumping of hydrogen ions produces an electrochemical gradient for hydrogen ions and the energy in this gradient is used to generate ATP from ADP and Pi.
How does the ETC work?
The electron transport chain is a series of proteins embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane. ... Protons flow down their concentration gradient into the matrix through the membrane protein ATP synthase, causing it to spin (like a water wheel) and catalyze conversion of ADP to ATP .
Where cytochromes are found?
They are present in bacteria, chloroplasts, and mitochondria . The mitochondrial b-type cytochromes are normally embedded in membranes as part of complex II of the electron transport system.
Where does ETC occur in eukaryotes?
The complexes of the ETC are found in the actual cellular membrane that separates the cell from the environment in prokaryotes, while they are found in the inner mitochondrial membrane in eukaryotes.
Does glycolysis require oxygen?
In the process, two molecues of ATP are made, as are a couple of NADH molecules, which are reductants and can donate electrons to various reactions in the cytosol. Glycolysis requires no oxygen . It is an anaerobic type of respiration performed by all cells, including anaerobic cells that are killed by oxygen.
What makes up ETC?
The electron transport chain is composed of four protein complexes , which are embedded in the inner membrane of the mitochondrion, along with two mobile carriers (mobile carrier Q {coenzyme Q} and mobile carrier C, that shuttle electrons through the ETC. The ETC is where the greatest amount of ATP is synthesized.
What happens if ETC is blocked?
In fact, if electron transport is blocked the chemiosmotic gradient cannot be maintained . ... An inhibitor may competely block electron transport by irreversibly binding to a binding site. For example, cyanide binds cytochrome oxidase so as to prevent the binding of oxygen. Electron transport is reduced to zero.
What are the reactants of ETC?
The main biochemical reactants of the ETC are the electron donors succinate and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide hydrate (NADH) . These are generated by a process called the citric acid cycle (CAC). Fats and sugars are broken down into simpler molecules such as pyruvate, which then feed into the CAC.
Why does ETC produce the most ATP?
The ETC is a collection of proteins bound to the inner mitochondrial membrane and organic molecules, which electrons pass through in a series of redox reactions, and release energy. The energy released forms a proton gradient , which is used in chemiosmosis to make a large amount of ATP by the protein ATP-synthase.
