Congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) can occur in a developing fetus of a pregnant woman who has contracted rubella, usually in the first trimester. If infection occurs 0–28 days before conception, the infant has a 43% risk of being affected.
What birth defects does rubella cause?
- Deafness.
- Cataracts.
- Heart defects.
- Intellectual disabilities.
- Liver and spleen damage.
- Low birth weight.
- Skin rash at birth.
What congenital cardiovascular defect is commonly associated with maternal rubella infection during early pregnancy?
Severe rubella virus infection, acquired in utero early in pregnancy, is named as Congenital Rubella Syndrome (CRS) .
What is the most common cardiac anomaly associated with congenital rubella syndrome?
The cardiac abnormality most frequently found in rubella syndrome is a combination of branch pulmonary artery stenosis and patent ductus arteriosus , though isolated branch pulmonary artery stenosis is twice as common as isolated patent ductus arteriosus [1].
What happens if rubella IgG is positive during pregnancy?
A positive rubella IgG test result is good—it means that you are immune to rubella and cannot get the infection . This is the most common rubella test done. Negative: Less than 7 IU/mL IgG antibodies and less than 0.9 IgM antibodies.
Does rubella vaccine cause birth defects?
This is very rare in the general population, and there has never been a documented case of CRS from the vaccine. Additionally, there is information from at least 1,600 pregnancies in which the MMR vaccine was given right before or during pregnancy, and no increased chance for birth defects was reported.
What happens if rubella is left untreated?
If left untreated, the infection can lead to ear infections, pneumonia, seizures, brain damage, and even death .
What are the symptoms of rubella in pregnancy?
- A low-grade fever and mild aches and pains, sometimes red eyes.
- A rash of pink or light red spots that start on the face and spread down to the rest of the body.
- Neck glands may swell up and feel tender, especially behind the ears.
What is the most common heart defect in Down syndrome?
Three of the most common heart conditions seen in children with Down syndrome are atrioventricular septal defect , patent ductus arteriosus, and tetralogy of Fallot. AVSD is the most frequently diagnosed congenital heart condition in children with Down syndrome.
What stage of pregnancy is at most risk for teratogenic effects?
Abstract. Treatment of common illnesses in early pregnancy is complicated because of the risk of teratogenic effects of drugs on the fetus. The period of greatest risk is between the first and eighth week of pregnancy .
What causes congenital rubella syndrome?
Congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) is an illness in infants that results from maternal infection with rubella virus during pregnancy . When rubella infection occurs during early pregnancy, serious consequences–such as miscarriages, stillbirths, and a constellation of severe birth defects in infants–can result.
How is congenital rubella diagnosed?
Congenital rubella syndrome has also been diagnosed using placental biopsy , rubella antigen detection by monoclonal antibody, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Specimens used for viral isolation in congenital rubella include nasopharyngeal swab, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, and buffy coat of the blood.
What means rubella syndrome?
Rubella (German Measles, Three-Day Measles)
Rubella is a contagious disease caused by a virus . Most people who get rubella usually have a mild illness, with symptoms that can include a low-grade fever, sore throat, and a rash that starts on the face and spreads to the rest of the body.
What is the normal range of rubella IgG in pregnancy?
Results: Quantitative analysis of the IgG levels showed noticeable variability that ranged between 24-143 IU/ml (average 94). One hundred and forty-five (91%) out of 160 women had rubella IgG levels of above 50 IU/ml with a range of 54-143 IU/ml (average 92) while 15 (9%) had a level between 24-46 IU/ml (average 38).
How can rubella affect an unborn baby?
Rubella caught in the first ten weeks of pregnancy causes damage to nine out of ten unborn babies . The mother passes the virus on to her unborn baby and it damages the organs as they develop, particularly the developing eyes, ears, heart and brain – often in combination.
What does it mean if IgG is positive?
The presence of IgG suggests that the infection happened weeks to months in the past. It also suggests that you may no longer be infectious. IgG indicates that you may have some immunity to the virus, though you may not .
