Martin Seligman (1974) proposed a cognitive explanation of depression called learned helplessness. According to Seligman’s learned helplessness theory , depression occurs when a person learns that their attempts to escape negative situations make no difference.
What theories explain depression?
In short, according to the different theories, depression may be due to (1) biological reasons ; (2) insecure attachment; (3) lack of reinforcement of previously-reinforced behaviors; (4) negative interpersonal relations and relations with one’s environment and the resulting negative consequences; (5) attributions made ...
What is the cognitive theory of depression?
Cognitive-behavioral models of depression suggest that the presence of negative life events in addition to one’s perception of or reaction to those events may impact the development and maintenance of depressive symptoms.
What are the biological theories of depression?
Several theories concerning the biologically based cause of depression have been suggested over the years, including theories revolving around monoamine neurotransmitters, neuroplasticity, neurogenesis, inflammation and the circadian rhythm .
How does psychodynamic theory explain depression?
According to object relations theory, depression is caused by problems people have in developing representations of healthy relationships . Depression is a consequence of an ongoing struggle that depressed people endure in order to try and maintain emotional contact with desired objects.
How does Behaviourism explain depression?
Behavioral theory posits that certain environmental changes and avoidant behaviors inhibit individuals from experiencing environmental reward and reinforcement and subsequently leads to the development and maintenance of depressive symptoms.
What does psychology say about depression?
depression, in psychology, a mood or emotional state that is marked by feelings of low self-worth or guilt and a reduced ability to enjoy life .
What does Beck say about depression?
Beck believed that depression prone individuals develop a negative self-schema . They possess a set of beliefs and expectations about themselves that are essentially negative and pessimistic. Beck claimed that negative schemas may be acquired in childhood as a result of a traumatic event.
Can depression bring on dementia?
A study published in the May issue of the Archives of General Psychiatry found that people who became depressed late in life had a 70% increased risk of dementia , and those who’d been depressed since middle age were at 80% greater risk. Researchers have long known that depression and dementia go hand in hand.
What gender differences are evident in depression and why?
After puberty, depression rates are higher in females than in males . Because girls typically reach puberty before boys do, they’re more likely to develop depression at an earlier age than boys are. There is evidence to suggest that this depression gender gap may continue throughout the lifespan.
What is the biological reason for depression?
The biological factors that might have some effect on depression include: genes, hormones, and brain chemicals . Depression often runs in families, which suggests that individuals may inherit genes that make them vulnerable to developing depression.
How much of depression is biological?
This could mean that in most cases of depression, around 50% of the cause is genetic, and around 50% is unrelated to genes (psychological or physical factors).
What are the biological treatments for depression?
The drugs are divided in three groups: the classical tricyclic antidepressants, the MAO inhibitors and the recent antidepressants. Some drugs with potential antidepressant properties are also studied. The other biological treatments of depression include electroconvulsive therapy and sleep deprivation .
What are the weaknesses of the psychodynamic approach?
Limitations. The psychodynamic approach places too much emphasis on the psychological factors , without considering the biological/genetic factors that influence and contribute to mental health problems.
What does psychodynamic therapy focus on?
Psychodynamic therapy focuses on the psychological roots of emotional suffering . Its hallmarks are self-reflection and self-examination, and the use of the relationship between therapist and patient as a window into problematic relationship patterns in the patient’s life.
Is exposure therapy used for depression?
Exposure therapy isn’t just a treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder. It’s also used to treat anxiety, depression, phobias, and more.
