light reactions
What is the role of ATP in Calvin cycle?
Some Calvin cycle reactions require ATP (adenosine triphosphate), a compound that
functions in energy transfer
, and NADPH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate), a source of hydrogen atoms for reduction reactions. ATP and NADPH are formed during light-energized reactions of photosynthesis.
How many ATP synthesis are there in the Calvin cycle?
In summary, it takes six turns of the Calvin cycle to fix six carbon atoms from CO
2
. These six turns require energy input from
12 ATP molecules
and 12 NADPH molecules in the reduction step and 6 ATP molecules in the regeneration step.
Does the Calvin cycle produce ATP or ADP?
The Calvin cycle takes place in the stroma and uses the ATP and NADPH from the light-dependent reactions to fix carbon dioxide, producing three-carbon sugars—glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, or G3P, molecules.
The Calvin cycle converts ATP to ADP
and Pi, and it converts NADPH to NADP+.
How is ATP made during the light reactions?
In a process called non-cyclic photophosphorylation (the “standard” form of the light-dependent reactions),
electrons are removed from water and passed through PSII and PSI before ending up in NADPH
. This process requires light to be absorbed twice, once in each photosystem, and it makes ATP .
Which of these phosphorylates ADP to ATP?
ATP synthase
phosphorylates ADP. Which of these phosphorylates ADP to make ATP? The energy released as electrons are passed along the electron transport chain is used to pump protons into the thylakoid compartment.
Which of the following is not directly used in the Calvin cycle?
Which of the following is NOT directly used in the Calvin Cycle? While
water
is used in the light reactions of photosynthesis, it is not used in the Calvin cycle. In the Calvin cycle ATP helps to fuel the fixation of carbon from carbon dioxide into glucose, and this reaction is catalyzed by the enzyme rubisco.
Where does the energy for the Calvin cycle come from?
The energy used in the Calvin cycle comes from the
ATP and NADPH that are made in the Light Reactions stage of photosynthesis
.
What happens to CO2 in the Calvin cycle?
In the Calvin cycle,
carbon dioxide molecules (CO2) are combined with each other and with the electrons and Hydrogen ions from NADPH to form glucose
(C6H12O6).
Which of the following occurs during the Calvin cycle?
During the Calvin cycle of photosynthesis,
NADPH produced in the light reactions is oxidized, and carbon is reduced using the electrons from NADPH
. The reduction of carbon generates glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P) which will be used to synthesize glucose. Therefore, the correct answer is e.
How many ATP are required during reduction step of Calvin cycle?
The ATP molecule required in reduction step of Calvin cycle is
24
. Correct option is 24. Here, 6 ATP is required for 3 carbon sugar. In sucrose 12 carbon are present .
How are sugars and other molecules synthesized in the Calvin cycle?
The Calvin Cycle
uses the NADPH and ATP from the Light Reactions to “fix” carbon and produce glucose
. Carbon dioxide enters the Calvin Cycle when Rubisco attaches it to a 5-carbon sugar. Most plants fix CO
2
directly with the Calvin Cycle, so they are called C-3 plants.
What generates most of the ATP in cellular respiration?
The stage that produces most of the ATP during cellular respiration is
the electron transport system (ETS) present in mitochondria
. The formation of ATP occurs by oxidative phosphorylation. Theoretically, 34 ATPs are produced in the ETS by the complete oxidation of a glucose molecule.
What is the primary product of Calvin cycle?
The primary product of the Calvin cycle is
glyceraldehyde three phosphate or G3P
.
Is a product of the Calvin cycle that is used to form glucose?
The reactions of the Calvin cycle add carbon (from carbon dioxide in the atmosphere) to a simple five-carbon molecule called RuBP. These reactions use chemical energy from NADPH and ATP that were produced in the light reactions.
The final product of the Calvin cycle is glucose.
Is ATP produced by light?
In the light reactions, energy from sunlight drives the synthesis of ATP and NADPH
, coupled to the formation of O
2
from H
2
O. In the dark reactions, so named because they do not require sunlight, the ATP and NADPH produced by the light reactions drive glucose synthesis.
How is ATP produced in light reactions vs mitochondria?
How is ATP formed in plants? In plants, ATP is synthesized in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast. The process is called photophosphorylation. The “machinery” is similar to that in mitochondria except that
light energy is used to pump protons across a membrane to produce a proton-motive force
.
How is the Calvin cycle different from the light-dependent reactions?
Light-dependent reactions, which take place in the thylakoid membrane, use light energy to make ATP and NADPH. The Calvin cycle, which takes place in the stroma,
uses energy derived from these compounds to make GA3P from CO
2
.
When light strikes chlorophyll molecules they lose electrons?
When light strikes chlorophyll molecules in the photosystem complexes, they lose electrons, which
are ultimately replaced by The primary electron acceptor
Water Removing electrons from NADPH The electron transport chain.
Which step of the Calvin cycle requires no extra energy?
Which step of the Calvin cycle requires no extra energy?
carbon fixation by RuBisCO to form PGA
.
What assumptions did Engelmann make in order?
What assumptions did Engelmann make in order to conclude that red and violet-blue light were more effective than green light in driving photosynthesis?
The number of bacteria clustered at each wavelength (color) was approximately proportional to the amount of oxygen being produced by that portion of the algea.
During which cellular process is ATP not released?
The Calvin cycle does not release ATP but in fact uses the ATP made during the light-dependent…
Where are the ATP and NADPH used?
ATP and NADPH produced during the light reaction of photosynthesis are utilised
in the biosynthetic phase or carbon fixation
.
During Which of the following cellular processes is ATP released?
-Most eukaryotic organisms carry out
cellular respiration
in the presence of oxygen. -The main objective of cellular respiration is to break down glucose and make ATP.
Where does the extra ATP come from in the Calvin cycle?
The light reactions provide ATP and NADPH to the carbon fixation step of the Calvin cycle, and the Calvin cycle provides water and electrons to the light reactions. The light reactions supply the Calvin cycle with CO2 to produce sugars, and the Calvin cycle supplies the
light reactions with sugars
to produce ATP.
What source of energy is used in the Calvin cycle quizlet?
The energy used in the Calvin cycle is supplied by
ATP and NADPH
that are produced in the first stage (light reactions) of photosynthesis.
Where is the most energy used in the Calvin cycle?
Where is the most energy used in the Calvin cycle?
Creating the higher-energy bonds in G3P
requires the most energy in the Calvin cycle.
