Can Processes Be Run During I O Cycles?

What does it mean for a process to be CPU bound or IO bound?

CPU bound means

the program is bottlenecked by the CPU, or central processing unit

, while I/O bound means the program is bottlenecked by I/O, or input/output, such as reading or writing to disk, network, etc.

What is CPU burst and IO burst cycle?

CPU Burst

.

It is the amount of time, a process uses the CPU until it starts waiting for some input or interrupted by some other process

. I/O Burst or Input Output burst. It is the amount of time, a process waits for input-output before needing CPU time.

How I O scheduling takes place explain?

An I/O scheduler works

by managing a block device’s request queue

. It decides the order of requests in the queue and at what time each request is dispatched to the block device. It manages the request queue with the goal of reducing seeks, which results in greater global throughput.

How does round robin scheduling work?

To schedule processes fairly, a round-robin scheduler generally employs time-sharing, giving each job a time slot or quantum (its allowance of CPU time), and interrupting the job if it is not completed by then. The job is resumed next time a time slot is assigned to that process.

How does CPU switch from process to process?

A context switching is a process that involves switching of the CPU from one process or task to another. In this phenomenon,

the execution of the process that is present in the running state is suspended by the kernel and another process that is present in the ready state is executed by the CPU

.

Is CPU cycle the same as burst time?

Is given to each process so that a process does not use the CPU indefinitely?

A

time slice

is short time frame that gets assigned to process for CPU execution. Time slice : It is timeframe for which process is allotted to run in preemptive multitasking CPU. The scheduler runs each process every single time-slice.

Can round robin be non-preemptive?

You are right, Round Robin is the preemptive approach to FCFS, and

FCFS is the non-preemptive approach to Round Robin

. Other than that the algorithms have almost everything in common.

What are the two steps of a process execution?

Answer is “

I/O Burst, CPU Burst

”

Can a process transition from waiting for an I O operation to the terminated state why or why not?

Can a process transition from waiting for an I/O operation to the terminated state? Why or why not? Answer:

No

. A process waiting for I/O must first transition to the ready queue and then to the running state before it may terminate.

Does io operation require CPU?

Cpu is used to initiate every io request and then accept it when ready …

it is not the case that cpu is not involved in io operations

.

When the process issues an I O request?

Explanation: When the process issues an I/O request

it is placed in an I/O queue

. I/O is a resource and it should be used effectively and every process should get access to it. There might be multiple processes which requested for I/O.

How does io bound CPU bound and memory bound processes differ?

The main difference among I/O bound, CPU bound, and Memory bound processes is

the rate of completion of the process under respective devices

.

How IO operations are handled?

I/O device operates

asynchronously with CPU, interrupts CPU when finished

. The advantage to this method is that every instruction which can access memory can be used to manipulate an I/O device. Memory mapped IO is used for most high-speed I/O devices like disks, communication interfaces.

What are IO control strategies?

• Programmed I/O. The programmed I/O method controls the transfer of data between connected devices and the computer. …
• Interrupt-Based I/O. The interrupt-based I/O method controls the data transfer activity to and from connected I/O devices. …
• Direct Memory Access (DMA) I/O. …
• Channel I/O.

How does interrupt driven IO Work?

Interrupt I/O is a way of controlling input/output activity whereby

a peripheral or terminal that needs to make or receive a data transfer sends a signal

. This will cause a program interrupt to be set. At a time appropriate to the priority level of the I/O interrupt.

Which of the following operating system runs on the server?

Explanation: The

network operating system

runs on a server. This operating system has some functions that work to connect local area networks and computers.

How do you calculate completion time in round-robin scheduling?

1. Average Turn Around time = (8 + 17 + 4 + 6 + 17 + 13) / 6 = 65 / 6 = 10.84 unit.
2. Average waiting time = (4 + 12 + 2 + 5 + 11 + 10) / 6 = 44 / 6 = 7.33 unit.

What type of scheduling is round-robin scheduling?

The simplest

preemptive scheduling algorithm

is round-robin, in which the processes are given turns at running, one after the other in a repeating sequence, and each one is preempted when it has used up its time slice.

What is the difference between process and thread?

A process is a program under execution i.e an active program. A thread is a lightweight process that can be managed independently by a scheduler

. Processes require more time for context switching as they are more heavy. Threads require less time for context switching as they are lighter than processes.

Is context switching interrupt?

Both interrupts and context switches are interrupts

.

How inter process communication is done?

IPC is the way by which multiple processes or threads communicate among each other. IPC in OS obtains modularity, computational speedup and data sharing. Different ways of IPC are

pipe, message passing, message queue, shared memory, direct communication, indirect communication and FIFO

.

Why round robin scheduling is best?

Advantages of Round Robin Algorithm

No issues of starvation or convoy effect

. Every job gets a fair allocation of CPU. No priority scheduling is involved. Total number of processes on the run queue helps assume the worst-case response time for a process.

What is the best CPU scheduling algorithm?

The FCFS is better for a small burst time. The SJF is better if the process comes to processor simultaneously. The last algorithm,

Round Robin

, is better to adjust the average waiting time desired.

Which is better FCFS or round robin?

Sometimes

FCFS algorithm is better than the other in short burst time while Round Robin is better for multiple processes in every single time

. However, it cannot be predicted what process will come after. Average Waiting Time is a standard measure for giving credit to the scheduling algorithm.