8.
Organic solidarity
is: How society operates naturally. When people disagree on basic values and customs but work together anyway.
How does conflict theory explain values and norms?
Inequalities exist within a culture’s value system. Therefore, a society’s cultural norms benefit some people but hurt others. … Conflict theorists
believe that a society’s system of material production has an effect on the rest of culture
. People who have less power also have less ability to adapt to cultural change.
What is the largest difference between the functionalist and conflict?
What is the largest difference between the Functionalist and Conflict perspectives and the Interactionist perspective?
The former two consider long-term repercussions of the group or situation, while the latter focuses on the present
.
What is a criticism of conflict theory?
Criticism of Conflict Theory
Predictably, conflict theory has been
criticized for its focus on change and neglect of social stability
. Some critics acknowledge that societies are in a constant state of change, but point out that much of the change is minor or incremental, not revolutionary.
Which action is violating a Folkway?
In America,
if someone belched loudly while eating at the dinner table with other people
, he or she would be breaking a folkway. It is culturally appropriate to not belch at the dinner table, however if this folkway is broken, there are no moral or legal consequences. You just studied 114 terms!
What are some criticisms of the functional and conflict approaches of culture?
Just as structural functionalism was criticized
for focusing too much on the stability of societies
, conflict theory has been criticized because it tends to focus on conflict to the exclusion of recognizing stability.
Is Marxism and conflict theory the same?
Conflict theory is a
sociological theory
associated with Karl Marx. It seeks to explain political and economic events in terms of an ongoing struggle over finite resources.
From a sociological perspective, which factor does not greatly influence a person’s socialization?
Blood type
. Why are wealthy parents more likely than poor parents to socialize their children toward creativity and problem solving?
What is the belief that one’s culture is inferior to another culture?
The belief that one’s culture is inferior to another culture is called:
ethnocentrism
.
Why do people join utilitarian organizations?
A utilitarian organization, also known as a remunerative organization, is a group of individuals
join in order to receive the monetary reward or some other benefit that is offered to members of that organization
.
What is Marxist ideology?
Marxism is a method of socioeconomic analysis that uses a materialist interpretation of historical development, better known as historical materialism, to understand class relations and social conflict as well as a dialectical perspective to view social transformation.
Social conflict is
the struggle for agency or power in society
. Social conflict occurs when two or more people oppose each other in social interaction, each exerts social power with reciprocity in an effort to achieve incompatible goals whilst preventing the other from attaining their own.
What is the criticism of Marxism?
Marxian economics have been criticized for a number of reasons. Some critics point to the Marxian analysis of capitalism while others argue that
the economic system proposed by Marxism is unworkable
. There are also doubts that the rate of profit in capitalism would tend to fall as Marx predicted.
Is cheating a Folkway?
For example, in the educational world, talking during a test is violating a folkway but
CHEATING is threatening
the value of the whole institution is considered a violation of MORES so the consequences are more worse than speaking during a test.
What is mores sociology?
Mores are
the customs, norms, and behaviors that are acceptable to a society or social group
.
Basically, a social norm tells you what you’re supposed to do in any given situation. … Breaking norms can result in a formal punishment, such as
being fined or imprisoned
, or an informal punishment, such as being stared at or shunned by others.
What are the three approaches of understanding cultural differences?
Cultural psychology, cross-cultural psychology, and indigenous psychology
are three approaches to the psychology of culture.
What is Durkheim’s theory?
Durkheim believed that
society exerted a powerful force on individuals
. People’s norms, beliefs, and values make up a collective consciousness, or a shared way of understanding and behaving in the world. The collective consciousness binds individuals together and creates social integration.
Which of the following is most likely to be a criticism of the conflict perspective on culture?
Which of following is most likely to be a criticism of the conflict perspective on culture? …
It does not explain how cultural values and norms may perpetuate social inequalities
.
How cultural misunderstanding could be a challenge in the classroom?
Since some of the patterns differ from those typical of modern classrooms, they can create misunderstandings between teachers and students (Cazden, 2001; Rogers, et al., 2005). … In a classroom, this habit can make it easier for a child to learn not to interrupt others, but
it can also make the child seem unfriendly
.
What are the two main classes in conflict according to Marx?
Karl Marx believed that in any system there were two types of people:
the proletariat and the bourgeoisie
. The proletariat consists of the working, or labor, class. The bourgeoisie can be through of as the idle, or management, class.
What is Dahrendorf conflict theory?
Dahrendorf believed that the basis of class conflict was
the division of three groups of society: quasi groups, interest groups, and conflict groups
. Thus, society can be split up into the “command class” and the “obey class”.
| Term Definition | Which one of the following is not a way people are socialized by religion? An individual’s personal internal experience of a divine being leads to their faith . | Which of the following is a manifest function of schools? Learning to read & write |
|---|
Why are
wealthy parents
more likely than poor parents to socialize their children toward creativity and problem solving? Wealthy parents are socializing their children toward the skills of white-collar employment. Wealthy parents are not concerned about their children rebelling against their rules.
- Family.
- School.
- Peer relationships.
- Mass media.
How do Material Culture and nonmaterial culture differ from each other?
Material culture
includes all of the physical things that people create and attach meaning
to. Nonmaterial culture includes creations and abstract ideas that are not embodied in physical objects. … Culture, on the other hand, is a people’s shared way of living.
Utilitarian Organizations
The second type of formal organization is a utilitarian organization, which
maintains control through bartering
. People join utilitarian organizations because they have something to gain. The culture is one of productivity and purpose. Members are compensated for their contributions.
What are the characteristics of utilitarian organization?
The two main elements of a utilitarian organization are
purpose and productivity
because the members are compensated through benefits and incentives for their contributions to the cause. There is some affinity in a utilitarian organization which offers tangible benefits and a contractual type of membership.
What is the overall purpose of the bureaucratic organization?
Bureaucracy in Government and Business
In government or large organizations, bureaucracy is indispensable in administering rules and regulations. A bureaucratic structure is designed
to administer large-scale and systematic coordination between many people working at different levels
to achieve a common goal.
What is an example of ethnocentrism?
Ethnocentrism is the term anthropologists use to describe the opinion that one’s own way of life is natural or correct. … An example of ethnocentrism in culture is
the Asian cultures across all the countries of Asia
. Throughout Asia, the way of eating is to use chopsticks with every meal.
Do you agree that no culture is superior to another?
No culture can be judged as evolutionary superior to another
and cultural features can only be understood in terms of their role in the complete system. Cultural relativism encourages respect for different cultural values, beliefs, and practices.
What do Marxists say about the family?
Marxists argue that
the nuclear family performs ideological functions for Capitalism
– the family acts as a unit of consumption and teaches passive acceptance of hierarchy. It is also the institution through which the wealthy pass down their private property to their children, thus reproducing class inequality.
Can a Marxist believe in human rights?
It is clear, therefore, that
many Marxists do believe in human rights
.
What does Marxism say is wrong with us?
What does Marxism say is wrong with us? To Marxists, the problem with
society is economic
. In a capitalistic economy, the bourgeoisie measure their worth by exploitation, causing all of the hurt and wrong in the society. … Mainly economic, salvation is achieved when communism is brought to fruition.
Is Marxism the same as communism?
A political ideology based on Karl Marx’s ideas is known as Marxism. A political system based on Marxist ideology is known as Communism. …
A stateless society where all the people are considered equal and treated equally is known as Communism
. Marxism is a way to view the world, a system of analysis.
The main difference is that under communism, most property and economic resources are owned and controlled by the state (rather than individual citizens); under socialism,
all citizens share equally in economic resources as allocated
by a democratically-elected government.
What was Marx’s solution?
Marx’s own solution relies on
the idea of exploitation of the worker
. In setting up conditions of production the capitalist purchases the worker’s labour power—his or her ability to labour—for the day.
What is Marx’s conflict theory?
Conflict theory, first purported by Karl Marx, is
a theory that society is in a state of perpetual conflict because of competition for limited resources
. Conflict theory holds that social order is maintained by domination and power, rather than by consensus and conformity.
What is structural conflict?
Structural conflicts are
caused by oppressive patterns of human relationships
. These patterns are often shaped by forces external to the people in dispute. Often, the disputants have no reason to be in conflict other than the structural problem that is imposed on their relationship.
Describes social confrontation (SCN) as
a particular kind of communication episode initiated when one actor signals another actor that his/her behavior has violated a rule or expectation for appropriate conduct within the relationship or situation
.
Social Norms:
Folkways, Mores, Taboo, and Laws
.
Can taboos be illegal?
In other words, religious norms about morality (aka religious mores) are often not laws. For example, in the United States, adultery is not illegal but Christians would consider it to break the norms set out in the Ten Commandments. Taboos vs Laws:
Taboos are not necessarily illegal, while laws are
.
Is murder a taboo or law?
Informal Social Norms Versus Laws
However,
murder is both a taboo and a law
. Laws against murder additionally ensure that cannibalism, which generally necessitates murder, is punished.
