When new information (learned later) blocks or disrupts the retrieval of related old information (learned earlier) is called: b.
retroactive
…
When new information (learned later) blocks or disrupts the retrieval of related old information (learned earlier) is called: b.
retroactive
…
How did the children demonstrate that they were better able to recall information consistent with their schemas?
How did the children demonstrate that they were better able to recall information consistent with their schemas?
The children remembered more stories in which the light-complexioned characters had positive attributes and the dark-complexioned characters had negative attributes.
What is the memory system that registers new incoming information?
This set of registers is referred to collectively as
sensory memory
. … The set of sensory registers, one of each of our senses, that serve as holding places for incoming sensory information until it can be attended to, interpreted, and encoded into short term memory.
What is the correct ordering of the processes of memory?
Stages of memory: The three stages of memory:
encoding, storage, and retrieval
.
When newer information interferes with the retrieval of older information This is called proactive interference?
Proactive interference (pro=forward) occurs
when you cannot learn a new task because of an old task that had been learnt
. When what we already know interferes with what we are currently learning – where old memories disrupt new memories. 2.
When new information disrupts the retrieval of old information?
The term interference is used to explain why people forget long-term memories. There are two forms of interference:
proactive interference
, in which old memories disrupt the retrieval of new memories, and retroactive interference, in which new memories disrupt the retrieval and maintenance of old memories.
Why is it common to recall inaccurate information?
The common use of schemas suggests that
memories are not identical reproductions of experience
, but a combination of actual events and already-existing schemas. Likewise, the brain has the tendency to fill in blanks and inconsistencies in a memory by making use of the imagination and similarities with other memories.
What are some of the motives behind distorting or altering information?
Instead, memories are reconstructed in many different ways after events happen, which means they can be distorted by several factors. These factors include
schemas, source amnesia, the misinformation effect, the hindsight bias, the overconfidence effect, and confabulation
.
How do memories get reconstructed and changed?
The formulation of new memories is sometimes called construction, and the process of bringing up old memories is called reconstruction. … People may not intend to distort facts, but it can happen in the process of retrieving old memories and combining them with new memories (Roediger and DeSoto, in press).
Is the process of storing information in the LTM system?
The deeper the processing (encoding) of information, the greater the chance of it being understood and remembered later (retrieved). During learning, the level or depth at which information is processed determines how well it is stored in LTM.
memories
are best encoded, organised and stored in LTM by meaning.
Which of the following memory is responsible for storing explicit factual information such as names and places?
Semantic memory
: These are memories of facts, concepts, names, and other general knowledge.
What memory stores information about past events?
Implicit memory
uses past experiences to remember things without thinking about them.
What is the correct order of the memory process quizlet?
encoding, storage, retrieval
.
Which of the following is the correct order of the memory process quizlet?
Terms in this set (12) Clive Wearing lost his ability to form new memories due to damage to his ____, resulting from encephalitis. The correct order of memory processes is as follows:
storage, encoding, and retrieval
.
How does information transition from short to long-term memory?
A short-term memory’s conversion to a long-term memory requires
changes within the brain that protect the memory from interference from competing stimuli or disruption from injury or disease
. This time-dependent process, whereby experiences achieve a permanent record in our memory, is called consolidation.
When newer information interferes with the retrieval of older information this Group of answer choices?
When old information interferes with the retrieval of newer information, this is called
retroactive interference
.
When information stored in memory disrupts the recall of other information stored in memory it is called?
Interference
is one theory to explain how and why forgetting occurs in long-term memory. Interference is a memory phenomenon in which some memories interfere with the retrieval of other memories. Essentially, interference occurs when some information makes it difficult to recall similar material.
When recently learned material interferes with the ability to remember older information What is it called?
With
retroactive interference
, new information hinders the ability to recall older information. With proactive interference, it’s the opposite: old information hinders the recall of newly learned information. Compare and contrast the two types of amnesia. There are two types of amnesia: retrograde and anterograde.
Why did research participants in Sperlings experiment recall so few letters?
Why did research participants in Sperling’s experiment recall so few letters stored in sensory memory? …
The remaining stimuli quickly faded from sensory memory.
Which type of forgetting occurs when the memory blocks the encoding of new information?
Proactive interference
occurs when old memories hinder the ability to make new memories. In this type of interference, old information inhibits the ability to remember new information, such as when outdated scientific facts interfere with the ability to remember updated facts.
What is retroactive and proactive inhibition?
In retroactive inhibition, new learning interferes with the retention of old memories; in proactive inhibition,
old memories interfere with the retention of new learning
.
Why is memory inaccurate?
Memory errors may include
remembering events that never occurred
, or remembering them differently from the way they actually happened. These errors or gaps can occur due to a number of different reasons, including the emotional involvement in the situation, expectations and environmental changes.
What affects the accuracy of memory?
Here are 5 factors that can influence the functioning of the memory:
The degree of attention, vigilance, awakening and concentration
. Interest, motivation, need or necessity. The emotional state and emotional value attributed to the material to be memorized.
What is the relationship between the accuracy of people’s memory and their confidence in their accuracy?
The relation between the probability of remembering an event and one’s confidence in it seems obvious: The more confident a person is
in remember
– ing an event, the more accurate he or she will be (and vice versa).
What can result in inaccurate memories for traumatic events?
Trauma. Research suggests people who have
a history of trauma, depression, or stress
may be more likely to produce false memories. Negative events may produce more false memories than positive or neutral ones.
How is memory constructive and reconstructive?
remembering conceived as involving the use of general knowledge stored in
one’s memory
to construct a more complete and detailed account of an event or experience by changing or filling in various features of the memory. See reconstructive memory; repeated reproduction.
What is reconstruction in memory?
the process of remembering conceived as involving the recreation of an experience or event that has been only partially stored in memory
. When a memory is retrieved, the process uses general knowledge and schemas for what typically happens in order to reconstruct the experience or event.
How can our memories be manipulated?
They can be manipulated
when they are interrogated by an investigator
who maybe has an agenda or has a hypothesis about what probably happened and communicates that to the witness even inadvertently.
What is memory effect in research psychology?
Conclusion: This study shows a “memory effect”
when the same images are presented at a second viewing within a small interval period
. … These results suggest that including images with obvious incidental abnormalities in reader performance studies should be avoided.
Which of the following best describes the research findings on motivated forgetting?
Which of the following best describes the research findings on motivated forgetting?
Motivated forgetting activates the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
. Autobiographical recollection only includes time and place actions pertinent to our lives. … It is possible to plant a memory with repeated suggestions over time.
How is information stored in memory?
Memory is the process of storing and recalling information that was previously acquired. Memory occurs through three fundamental stages: encoding, storage, and retrieval. Storing refers to the process of
placing newly acquired information
into memory, which is modified in the brain for easier storage.
What is the correct order in which information travels through the memory system?
In order for a memory to go into storage (i.e., long-term memory), it has to pass through three distinct stages:
Sensory Memory, Short-Term Memory, and finally Long-Term Memory
. These stages were first proposed by Richard Atkinson and Richard Shiffrin (1968).
How does information get stored in long-term memory?
When long-term memories form,
the hippocampus retrieves information from the working memory and begins to change the brain’s physical neural wiring
. These new connections between neurons and synapses stay as long as they remain in use. Psychologists divide long-term memory into two length types: recent and remote.
What is memory acquisition?
Fundamentally, memory acquisition is
the procedure of copying the contents of physical memory to another storage device for preservation
. This chapter highlights the important issues associated with accessing the data stored in physical memory and the considerations associated with writing the data to its destination.
How does the brain process and store information?
In order for the brain to process information, it must first be stored. … Some animal studies suggest that working memory, which stores information for roughly 20 seconds, is maintained by an
electrical signal looping through
a particular series of neurons for a short period of time.
Long-term memory
refers to the storage of information over an extended period. This type of memory tends to be stable and can last a long time—often for years. Long-term memory can be further subdivided into two different types: explicit (conscious) and implicit (unconscious) memory.
Which memory module retains factual information that is gained over time?
Declarative
and procedural memories are the two types of long-term memories. The declarative memory can be stored in terms of facts. On the other hand, procedural memories are related to the experiences that make a person remember skills.
Which type of memory consists of factual information about world concepts of grammar and algebra?
Associative models
. The “association”—a relationship between two pieces of information—is a fundamental concept in psychology, and associations at various levels of mental representation are essential to models of memory and cognition in general.
Which of the following memories happen with conscious awareness?
Explicit memory
, also known as conscious or declarative memory, involves memory of facts, concepts, and events that require conscious recall of the information.
When new information (learned later) blocks or disrupts the retrieval of related old information (learned earlier) is called: b.
retroactive
…
What is the correct order of the four levels of memory?
stages of memory –
Sensory, Short-term, Long-term
.
