This stain is used to identify Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis. Acid-fast organisms have a lipoid capsule that has a high molecular weight and is waxy at room temperature. This makes the organism impenetrable by aqueous-based staining solutions.
What methods are used to identify bacteria?
When identifying bacteria in the laboratory, the following characteristics are used:
Gram staining
, shape, presence of a capsule, bonding tendency, motility, respiration, growth medium, and whether it is intra- or extracellular.
What is the best method to identify a microorganism causing infection in a patient?
Direct Examination
.
Direct examination of specimens
frequently provides the most rapid indication of microbial infection. A variety of microscopic, immunologic, and hybridization techniques have been developed for rapid diagnosis (Table 10-1).
How is Gram staining used to identify bacteria?
Gram staining differentiates
bacteria by the chemical and physical properties of their cell walls
. Gram-positive cells have a thick layer of peptidoglycan in the cell wall that retains the primary stain, crystal violet. … They are stained pink or red by the counterstain, commonly safranin or fuchsine.
What type of stain is the Gram stain and what does it rely on for meaningful results?
Some labels will NOT be used. What type of stain is the Gram stain, and what does it rely on for meaningful results? A. It is
a simple stain that relies on chemical differences in the plasma membrane to yield meaningful results
.
What stains are used in Gram staining?
- Crystal violet (primary stain)
- Iodine solution/Gram’s Iodine (mordant that fixes crystal violet to cell wall)
- Decolorizer (e.g. ethanol)
- Safranin (secondary stain)
- Water (preferably in a squirt bottle)
Which technique is used to identify the type of bacteria quizlet?
Phage typing
is a method of classifying bacteriophage based on the type of nucleic acid. Phage typing classifies bacteriophage based on structure. Phage typing helps identify bacterial species and strains, based on the type of bacteriophage to which they are susceptible.
Which methods used to identify a microorganism causing an infection rely?
Traditional methods of bacterial identification rely on phenotypic identification of the causative organism using
gram staining, culture and biochemical methods
. However, these methods of bacterial identification suffer from two major drawbacks.
What type of testing is used to identify the organism causing an infection?
A bacteria culture test
can help find harmful bacteria in your body. During a bacteria culture test, a sample will be taken from your blood, urine, skin, or other part of your body. The type of sample depends on the location of the suspected infection.
What methods are used to help identify and classify microorganisms today?
The most widely employed methods for classifying microbes are
morphological characteristics, differential staining
, biochemical testing, DNA fingerprinting or DNA base composition, polymerase chain reaction, and DNA chips.
What is the Gram Stain method quizlet?
Gram stain technique. A
staining procedure used to identify bacterial cells as gram-positive or gram-negative
. developed by christian gram in the 1800s. -Cells are stained with crystal violet and Gram iodine solution and washed with a decolorizer. -Safranin is applied as a counterstain.
What is Endospore staining in microbiology?
Endospores staining is
the type of staining to recognize the presence spore in bacterial vegetative cells
. The bacterial endospores need a staining which can penetrate wall thickness of spore bacteria. A method of endospores staining is Schaeffer Fulton method that used Malachite Green.
What is the order of reagents used in the Gram Stain?
The performance of the Gram Stain on any sample requires four basic steps that include applying a primary stain (crystal violet) to a heat-fixed smear,
followed by the addition of a mordant (Gram’s Iodine)
, rapid decolorization with alcohol, acetone, or a mixture of alcohol and acetone and lastly, counterstaining with …
What is staining techniques in microbiology?
Staining is
a technique used to enhance contrast in samples
, generally at the microscopic level. … Staining and fluorescent tagging can serve similar purposes. Biological staining is also used to mark cells in flow cytometry, and to flag proteins or nucleic acids in gel electrophoresis.
Can simple staining techniques be used to identify?
Yes, the purpose of simple staining is to
elucidate the morphology and also arrangement of bacteria cells
.
What are the different types of staining techniques?
- Staining Type # 2. Differential Staining:
- Staining Type # 3. Gram Staining:
- Staining Type # 4. Acid Fast Staining:
- Staining Type # 5. Endospore Staining:
What is the most important reagent in Gram stain method?
The primary stain of the Gram’s method is
crystal violet
. Crystal violet is sometimes substituted with methylene blue, which is equally effective. The microorganisms that retain the crystal violet-iodine complex appear purple brown under microscopic examination.
Which staining technique allows differentiation of mycobacterial cells?
Acid fast stains
are used to differentiate acid fast organisms such mycobacteria. Acid fast bacteria have a high content of mycolic acids in their cell walls. Acid fast bacteria will be red, while nonacid fast bacteria will stain blue/green with the counterstain with the Kinyoun stain.
What does an Endospore stain tell you?
Endospore Staining is a technique used in bacteriology to
identify the presence of endospores in a bacterial sample
, which can be useful for classifying bacteria.
Which is the correct order for the application of reagents in the Gram stain quizlet?
Terms in this set (8)
List the 4 reagents used for the gram stain in the proper order?
Crystal violet stains gram positive and gram negative cells
. Iodine is used next as mordant. Alcohol decolorizes the gram negative cells, and lastly Safranin counterstains gram negative cells.
Which of the following techniques could be used to identify antibodies produced by a patient quizlet?
Which of the following techniques could be used to identify antibodies produced by a patient? When
Western blotting
is used for identification purposes, proteins from a known organism are used to determine whether a patient’s serum contains antibodies.
How do you identify an unknown bacteria?
Begin the process of identifying unknown bacteria by observing their
physical characteristics
, such as cell wall, shape and linkages. Use standard laboratory procedures, like cell staining, culturing and DNA sequencing to further narrow down your identification.
How is PCR used to identify bacteria?
The principle of the method is simple;
when a pure PCR product of the 16S gene is obtained, sequenced, and aligned against bacterial DNA data base, then the bacterium can be identified
. … A selected PCR band from each of 40 isolates was sequenced and the bacterium identified to species or genus level using BLAST.
Which stains are used to visualize structures in the bacterial cell wall quizlet?
How does
crystal violet
enhance the visualization of bacterial structure(s)? Using crystal violet enhances the contrast between the microorganism itself and the slide, making the bacteria easier to find. And since bacteria are usually negative, a positive is used (e.g. crystal violet) to stain.
Which stains are used to visualize structures in the bacterial cell wall Labster?
The most widely used stain in microbiology is
the Gram stain
. Based on differences in the structure of the bacterial cell wall, the Gram stain divides bacteria into two major groups: Gram-positive and Gram-negative.
What is a procalcitonin test used for?
A procalcitonin test
measures the level of procalcitonin in your blood
. A high level could be a sign of a serious bacterial infection, such as sepsis. Sepsis is the body’s severe response to infection.
What are the three methods of microbial identification?
Traditional methods rely on phenotypic identification using
staining, culturing, and simple biochemical tests
. Nowadays, more powerful molecular, immunological, and biochemical analytical methods complement and sometimes replace traditional methods.
Which methods are the most prominent biochemical tests used in microbial identification?
2.2.
Biochemical tests are among the most important methods for microbial identification. Routine biochemical tests include tests for
carbohydrate fermentation
(Figure 2.18(A)), methyl red (Figure 2.18(B)), citric acid utilization (Figure 2.18(C)), and hydrogen sulfide production (Figure 2.18(D)).
What are the four reagents used in Gram stain quizlet?
- Crystal violet (primary stain)
- Iodine (mordant)
- Alcohol wash (decolorization)
- Safranin (counterstain)
What is non culture based microbiological testing method?
The main non-culture methods are
immunoassays
, which detect antibody or microbial antigen, and nucleic acid amplification testing, which detects microbial RNA or DNA. For some infections, culture may need to be combined with these tests to determine antibiotic susceptibility.
What is a microbiology lab test?
A microbiology laboratory is a
laboratory devoted to the culturing, examination, and identification of microorganisms including bacteria, fungi, yeasts, etc
. The microbiology laboratory has a crucial role in effective infection prevention and control (IPC).
What are the steps to Gram staining?
- Apply a smear of bacteria on to a slide. …
- Add about 5 drops of Hucker’s Crystal Violet to the culture. …
- Add about 5 drops of iodine solution to the culture. …
- Tilt slide and decolorize with solvent (acetone-alcohol solution) until purple color stops running. …
- Add about 5 drops of Safranine O.
What type of stain is the Gram stain quizlet?
The gram stain is
a basic differential stain
used to determine if a bacterial cell is gram positive or negative. Gram positive cells have a thick peptidoglycan layer that will trap the crystal violet iodine crystals and appear purple.
What is the primary stain used?
The first reagent is called the primary stain. Its
function is to impart its color to all cells
. The second stain is a mordant used to in- tensify the color of the primary stain. In order to es- tablish a color contrast, the third reagent used is the decolorizing agent.
What is a primary stain quizlet?
Primary stain. Colored dye,
usually purple
that impairs its color to all cell. Mordant solution. Substance that fixes a stain or dye.
Which method is used for endospore staining?
The Schaeffer-Fulton method
is the most commonly used endospore staining technique, which uses Malachite green as the primary stain. Once the endospore has absorbed the stain, it is resistant to decolorization, but the vegetative cell is easily decolorized with water (leaving the vegetative cells colorless).
What dye is used in the Schaeffer Fulton endospore stain?
The bacterial endospores need a staining which can penetrate wall thickness of spore bacteria. A method of endospores staining is Schaeffer Fulton method that used
Malachite Green
. It is an alkaline substance staining that can staining the spore bacteria.
What are the reagents used in the endospore stain?
Endospore staining techniques are classified based on the types of reagents used; Schaeffer Fulton Stain- used
Malachite Green dye
and safranin. Dorner method of endospore staining –uses Carbolfuchsin stain, acid alcohol, and Nigrosin solution)
What are the different types of staining method are used to stain bacteria?
- Types of staining techniques. Simple staining.
- Differential staining. (Use of of single stain)
- (Use of two contrasting stains) Direct.
- Indirect. Separation.
- Visualization. (Positive)
- (Negative) into groups. of structures.
- Gram stain. Flagella stain.
- Acid fast. Capsule stain.
Why are staining methods useful in microbiology?
The most basic reason that cells are stained is
to enhance visualization of the cell or certain cellular components under a microscope
. Cells may also be stained to highlight metabolic processes or to differentiate between live and dead cells in a sample.
Who introduced staining techniques?
Hans Christian Gram
, the inventor of the Gram staining technique, was a pioneering biologist who devised the system of classification which led to as many as 30,000 formally named species of bacteria being investigated.
