As individuals, we should continually challenge our own concepts. Challenge and Response
actually increases authority
, because it encourages teamwork. Encouraging teamwork is an important, and appreciated, management skill.
What is a challenge and response environment?
The importance of a Challenge and Response environment is emphasized, defined as a
“supportive environment”
, in which everybody feels free to question assumptions and actions, and in which positive responses are the norm.
Who has given the theory of challenge and response?
Albert Toynbee
, in his monumental study of world history, used the concepts of “Challenge and Response” to explain how civilizations rise and fall. He felt that traditional explanations – environment, race, leadership, possession of land, access to natural resources – were wrong or too narrow.
What religion was Arnold Toynbee?
Toynbee argued from a parallel to the
Christian-pagan
struggle in ancient Rome, where the Christians, while bitterly opposed to the infields, ultimately incorporated much of Graeco-Roman paganism into the new religion.
What is history according to Arnold Toynbee?
Toynbee presented
history as the rise and fall of civilizations
, rather than the history of nation-states or of ethnic groups. He identified civilizations according to cultural rather than national criteria.
Which are the elements of challenge and response blocks?
In its simplest form, challenge-response authentication is composed of two basic components:
a question and a response
.
How do you use the challenge and response system?
Challenge Response Authentication Mechanism (CRAM) is the most often used way
to authenticate
actions. They are a group of protocols in which one side presents a challenge(to be answered) and the other side must present a correct answer(to be checked/validated) to the challenge in order to get authenticated.
What is a challenge in cryptography?
In computer security, challenge–response authentication is
a family of protocols in which one party presents a question
(“challenge”) and another party must provide a valid answer (“response”) to be authenticated.
What is the challenge response psychology?
Challenge Response:
How you think about stress matters enormously in terms of how you process it
. … In fact, people who are able to think about stress more like a challenge and less like a threat report less depression and anxiety, higher levels of energy, work performance, and life satisfaction.
Who was Arthur Toynbee?
Toynbee was
a leading analyst of developments in the Middle East
. His support for Greece and hostility to the Turks during World War I had gained him an appointment to the Koraes Chair of Modern Greek and Byzantine History at King’s College, University of London.
Is Toynbee a cyclic theorist?
Aiming (in his own words) ‘to try out the scientific approach to human affairs and to test how far it will carry us’, ~ by the use of the empirical method, Toynbee arrived at
a cyclical theory of the rise and decline of civilizations
which he then, particularly in his later volumes, synthesized with a linear theory of …
What is the theory of Fernand Braudel?
A proponent of historical materialism
, Braudel rejected Marxist materialism, stressing the equal importance of infrastructure and superstructure, both of which reflected enduring social, economic, and cultural realities.
What are the 21 civilizations?
The 19 (or 21) major civilizations, as Toynbee sees them, are:
Egyptian, Andean, Sumerian, Babylonic, Hittite, Minoan, Indic, Hindu, Syriac, Hellenic, Western, Orthodox Christian
(having two branches: the main or Byzantine body and the Russian branch), Far Eastern (having two branches: the main or Chinese-Korean body …
Why did civilization fail to survive Arnold Toynbee?
Toynbee wrote that Nomadic civilization failed
because of energies consumed in providing pasture for herds
. … He wrote that the Polynesians failed because they responded to the challenge of the sea with no instrument better than a canoe.
What is an HTTP challenge?
An HTTP challenge is
a method used to automatically mitigate HTTP based DDoS attacks
. The challenge is intended to be passed by legitimate users and to fail the attackers. One typical challenge is that after arrival of an HTTP request message, send back to the users a 302 Redirect message.
What are challenge codes?
– The Challenge Code is
a code that you choose – not
something you have to receive via email, phone call, or text. – With this feature, you will avoid having to receive and enter an access code each time you login.
What is a server challenge?
When a user logs on, the network access server (NAS), wireless access point or authentication server creates a “challenge,” which is
typically a random number sent to the client machine
. … If they match, the authentication system has verified that the user has the correct password.
What is PAP networking?
Password Authentication Protocol
(PAP) is a password-based authentication protocol used by Point to Point Protocol (PPP) to validate users. Almost all network operating system remote servers support PAP. … Among PAP’s deficiencies is the fact that it transmits unencrypted passwords (i.e. in plain-text) over the network.
What is YubiKey challenge-response?
The YubiKey supports two methods for Challenge-Response:
HMAC-SHA1 and Yubico OTP
. HMAC-SHA1 takes a string as a challenge and returns a response created by hashing the string with a stored secret. Yubico OTP takes a challenge and returns a Yubico OTP code based on it encrypted with a stored AES key.
What is JWT challenge?
A challenge is basically a way of saying
“I don’t know who this user is, please verify their identity”
.
How is a challenge-response protocol utilized with token device implementations?
How is a challenge/response protocol utilized with token device implementations? This
protocol is not used
; cryptography is used. The token challenges the user for a username and password. An authentication service generates a challenge, and the smart token generates a response based on the challenge.
Which hierarchical system answers queries about key certification?
A public-key infrastructure (PKI)
is a hierarchical system to answer queries about key certification.
Is threat and challenge same?
A challenge is a
potential stressor that we feel we can handle
. … A threat is a potential stressor that we feel we cannot handle. When we see a situation as a threat, we’re focused on the negative—the potential damage to our well-being or self-esteem—because we believe we won’t be able to succeed.
What is the challenge response to stress?
Like the typical stress response, the challenge response also
affects the cardiovascular system
, but instead of constricting blood vessels and ramping up inflammation in anticipation of wounds, it allows for maximum blood flow, much like exercise. Another modification to the stress response is called tend-and-befriend.
What is the difference between a challenge vs threat appraisal?
Present findings also further the conceptualizations of challenge and threat appraisals as put forth by Lazarus and Folkman (1984, 1986) –
challenge appraisals reflect an eagerness to tackle a stressor, which does not result in negative emotions that must be regulated
, while threat appraisals do induce unpleasant …
Who is Arnold Joseph?
Joseph. Arnold is a
fierce litigator
who has built a long list of acquittals and reduced sentences. … He began his law practice as an Assistant District Attorney in the New York County District Attorney’s office where he prosecuted narcotics, sexual assault and homicide cases.
What is the study of past called?
History
(from Greek ἱστορία, historia, meaning “inquiry; knowledge acquired by investigation”) is the study and the documentation of the past. Events before the invention of writing systems are considered prehistory.
What is a universal state?
(definition) Definition:
A state in an alternating Turing machine from which the machine accepts only if all possible moves lead to acceptance
. See also existential state.
What is study of history called?
A person who studies history is called
a historian
. … The study of the sources and methods used to study and write history is called historiography. People can learn about the past by talking to people who remember things that happened at some point in the past. This is called oral history.
What is Toynbee’s theory of challenge and response?
“The Challenge and Response” is a theory by Arnold Toynbee in his book “A Study of History,”
explain why and how civilization arose and fell in the entire history
. … The rule is so simple if there are leaders to respond creatively to that challenge, a great civilization emerges.
What did Arnold Toynbee think of the industrial revolution?
The Oxford economic historian Arnold Toynbee, who popularized the term, called the Industrial Revolution “
a period as disastrous and as terrible as any through which a nation has ever passed
.” Charles Dickens’ Oliver Twist and Hard Times were literary mortar rounds aimed at it.
Who are the champions of cyclical theory?
The cyclical theory refers to a model used by historians
Arthur M. Schlesinger Sr. and Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr.
to explain the fluctuations in politics throughout American history.
Who is the captivator of hearts as described by Toynbee?
Captivator of hearts:
Toynbee did not know
Nehru
intimately and had met only a few times. From his account one can get vivid glimpses of Nehru’s personality. Nehru did not impress people but charmed their hearts. Though he was a very important public figure he never felt self- important.
Cyclical theory of change or sometimes called ‘
rise and fair theory presumes that social phenomena of whatever sort recur again and again, exactly as they were before in a cyclical fashion
. A variant of cyclical process is the theory of a well-known American sociologist P.A.
Who founded Annales school?
The Annales school of history, as founded by
Lucien Febvre and Marc Bloch
at the end of the 1920s, relied on the idea that history had much to gain in cooperating with other social sciences, economics, sociology, anthropology, or geography.
Why is Fernand Braudel famous?
Braudel, Fernand (1902–85) A leading member of the Annales School of French history, best known for
his magnum opus The Mediterranean and the Mediterranean World in the Age of Philip II (1949)
, although his Capitalism and Material Life, 1400–1800 (1967) is more accessible to sociologists.
Who was the French historian of the twentieth century?
28, 1985, Haute-Savoie), French historian and author of several major works that traversed borders and centuries and introduced a new conception of historical time. As leader of the post-World War II Annales school,
Braudel
became one of the most important historians of the 20th century.
Who is the writer of on Indian history?
1. Discovery of India by
Jawaharlal Nehru
. Written by India’s first prime minister when he was in prison (1942-1946), this book traces India’s history starting from the Indus Valley Civilization. It gives a detailed account of the period ranging from the coming of the Aryans to the establishment of the British Empire.
Who was the founder of historiography?
However, the discipline of historiography was first established in the 5th century BC with the Histories of
Herodotus
, the founder of historiography.
