Massive retaliation, also known as
a massive response or massive deterrence
, is a military doctrine and nuclear strategy in which a state commits itself to retaliate in much greater force in the event of an attack.
Which president’s policy was massive retaliation?
In reality, the so-called atomic threat to China was less definitive than Dulles had claimed, and
the Eisenhower Administration
policy of “massive retaliation” was far more cautiously based on mutual atomic deterrence.
What was the policy of massive retaliation quizlet?
The policy of massive retaliation
promised a strong response to Soviet threats against allies, but without the use of nuclear weapons
. The initials CIA stand for Central Intelligence Agency. Brinkmanship described the tactic of promoting peace by always being well prepared for war.
What was Kennedy’s policy of flexible response?
Kennedy implemented the “flexible response” defense strategy, one
that relied on multiple options for responding to the Soviet Union, discouraged massive retaliation, and encouraged mutual deterrence
.
What was the name of John F Kennedy’s military policy that replaced Eisenhower’s policy of massive retaliation?
Flexible response
was a defense strategy implemented by John F. Kennedy in 1961 to address the Kennedy administration’s skepticism of Dwight Eisenhower’s New Look and its policy of massive retaliation.
What did critics called policy of massive retaliation?
The strategy that emerged from those considerations became known as “massive retaliation,” following a speech made by U.S. Secretary of State John Foster Dulles in January 1954, when
he declared that in the future a U.S. response to aggression would be “at places and with means of our own choosing.”
That doctrine was …
What was Kennedy’s foreign policy called?
Kennedy’s foreign policy was dominated by American confrontations with the Soviet Union, manifested by proxy contests in the global state of tension known as the Cold War. Like his predecessors, Kennedy adopted the
policy of containment
, which purported to stop the spread of Communism.
What was Eisenhower policy of massive retaliation quizlet?
President Eisenhower’s policy of massive retaliation is
the action of threatening to use nuclear weapons in order to prevent wars from starting
.
How did the policy of massive retaliation affect the composition of the US military quizlet?
How did the policy of massive retaliation affect the composition of the US military? …
Troop numbers were decreased while bomb production decreased
.
You just studied 70 terms!
Why was massive retaliation an ineffective policy in the Cold war?
Massive retaliation limited the Eisenhower administration’s policy options. … Eisenhower rejected this suggestion,
arguing that nuclear weapons were too destructive to use in a limited conflict, and perhaps too politically damaging to use at all
.
What was President Kennedy’s policy in Vietnam?
In Vietnam, the
Kennedy Administration approved the overthrow of President Diem
, believing that any successor government would have to be an improvement over Diem’s.
What policy did Kennedy lay the groundwork for?
Senator Kennedy has consistently advocated increased military strength as the soundest basis for a durable peace. He is author of a bill for a national peace agency to lay the groundwork for
disarmament
. When he warned in 1958 that Soviet missile gains were shifting the balance of power.
What is massive retaliation and flexible response?
The New Look strategy
Flexible Response was an alternative to President Dwight D. … The New Look approach relied heavily on the capacity for a devastating assault with nuclear weapons—the strategy of massive retaliation—
to fight Soviet military provocations
, regardless of whether they involved nuclear weapons or not.
What is Eisenhower’s New Look policy?
Dwight D. Eisenhower and articulated in a 1953 National Security Council paper. The policy
focused on the use of nuclear weapons
and was intended as a way for the United States to meet its Cold War military obligations without putting too much strain on the country’s economy.
What was President Eisenhower’s New Look policy?
The New Look was the name given to
the national security policy of the United States
during the administration of President Dwight D. Eisenhower. It reflected Eisenhower’s concern for balancing the Cold War military commitments of the United States with the nation’s financial resources.
What is Nikita Khrushchev best known for?
During his rule, Khrushchev stunned the communist world with his denunciation of Stalin’s crimes, and embarked on a policy of de-Stalinization with his key ally Anastas Mikoyan. He sponsored the early Soviet space program, and enactment of relatively liberal reforms in domestic policy.
What is the concept of massive retaliation?
noun.
a strategy of military counterattack that involves the use of nuclear weapons
.
What was Lyndon Johnson’s foreign policy?
Johnson pursued conciliatory policies with the Soviet Union, but stopping well short of the détente policy Richard Nixon introduced in the 1970s. He was instead committed to the traditional
policy of containment
, seeking to stop the spread of Communism in Southeast Asia and elsewhere.
How were the policies of massive retaliation and brinkmanship different?
How were the policies of massive retaliation and brinkmanship different from previous military policies? Unlike containment and limited war,
brinksmanship and massive retaliation counted on large amounts of force and a willingness to go to extremes
.
Do you think that the massive retaliation policy favored by John?
Provide examples of a nuclear “arms race” that occurred between the US and USSR over four decades? Do you think that the massive retaliation policy favored by John
Foster Dulles successfully deterred the Soviet Union from
communist aggression (deterrence)? … it failed because the Soviet Union aggression never deterred.
What was Kennedy’s policy toward Cuba?
After many long and difficult meetings, Kennedy decided to place
a naval blockade, or a ring of ships
, around Cuba. The aim of this “quarantine,” as he called it, was to prevent the Soviets from bringing in more military supplies. He demanded the removal of the missiles already there and the destruction of the sites.
What was one of President Kennedy’s greatest foreign policy successes?
Kennedy’s greatest foreign policy failure and greatest foreign policy success both involved one nation —
Cuba
. In 1961, CIA-trained Cuban exiles landed in Cuba at the Bay of Pigs, hoping to ignite a popular uprising that would oust Fidel Castro from power.
What is the name of the theory that Eisenhower coined in reference to the danger of the spread of communism in Southeast Asia?
President Dwight D. Eisenhower coins one of the most famous Cold War phrases when he suggests the fall of French Indochina to the communists could create a “domino” effect in Southeast Asia. The so-called
“domino theory
” dominated U.S. thinking about Vietnam for the next decade.
How did the policy of massive retaliation prevent the United States from becoming involved in war quizlet?
This policy prevent united states from being involved in the war
because all countries would avoid being involved in war with a country that possess weapon of mass destruction due to the potential economic and environmental catastrophe that the war can cause
.
What did Eisenhower do in Guatemala?
Eisenhower
authorized the CIA to carry out Operation PBSuccess
in August 1953. The CIA armed, funded, and trained a force of 480 men led by Carlos Castillo Armas. The coup was preceded by U.S. efforts to criticize and isolate Guatemala internationally.
How did Yalta mark the turning point of US Soviet relations?
Yalta marked a turning point in Soviet-U.S. relations. President Roosevelt had hoped that an Allied victory and the creation of the United Nations would lead to a more peaceful world. Instead,
as the war came to an end, the United States and the Soviet Union became more hostile toward each other
.
Is SDI still around?
SDI officially
ended
in 1993, when the Clinton Administration redirected the efforts towards theatre ballistic missiles and renamed the agency the Ballistic Missile Defense Organization (BMDO).
What did they mean by mutually assured destruction?
mutual assured destruction,
principle of deterrence founded on the notion that a nuclear attack by one superpower would be met with an overwhelming nuclear counterattack such that both the attacker and the defender would be annihilated
.
What was the policy of peaceful coexistence?
The Soviet theory of peaceful coexistence asserted that the United States and USSR, and their respective political ideologies, could coexist rather than fighting one another, and Khrushchev tried to demonstrate his commitment to peaceful coexistence by attending international peace conferences, such as the Geneva …
What was the unintended result of the Yalta?
What was the unintended result of Yalta?
The decisions made there would lead to the Cold War
. What concession did Roosevelt and Churchill make to Stalin regarding Poland? It could retain its Communist government as long as free elections were held.
What spurred the Truman Doctrine?
The immediate cause for the speech was a recent announcement by the British Government that, as of March 31,
it would no longer provide military and economic assistance to the Greek Government in its civil war against the Greek Communist Party
.
Who was known for his policy of massive retaliation and his approach to war called brinksmanship?
Dulles
claimed that by moving to the brink of atomic war, he ended the Korean War and avoided a larger conflict. From that point on, Dulles was associated with the concepts of “massive retaliation” and “brinksmanship,” a supposedly reckless combination of atomic saber rattling and eyeball-to-eyeball standoffs.
Who was involved in massive retaliation?
The study presented here concentrates on the three Secretaries who served President Dwight D. Eisenhower:
Charles Wilson, Neil McElroy, and Thomas Gates
.
What was the policy of flexible response quizlet?
Flexible response calls for mutual deterrence at strategic, tactical, and conventional levels, giving
the United States the capability to respond to aggression across the spectrum of warfare
, not limited only to nuclear arms.
Which president ended the Vietnam War?
President Nixon
announces Vietnam War is ending – HISTORY.
Did JFK support the Vietnam War?
Despite his caution when dealing with international crises and his refusal to send combat troops to South Vietnam,
Kennedy did escalate American involvement there
. Around 700 US military personnel were in South Vietnam when he was inaugurated; on his death there were roughly 16,000.
What policy did Kennedy lay groundwork for at the end of his presidency?
President Kennedy spoke very eloquently in favor of civil rights, and near the end of his time as president, of course, he did send to the Congress what became
the Civil Rights Act of 1964
.
Who led the investigation that resulted in Alger Hiss being convicted of perjury quizlet?
One of HUAC’s most famous hearings took place in 1948, when
Whittaker Chambers
, a former member of the Communist Party, testified before the committee. Chambers’ testimony eventually led to the conviction of Alger Hiss, a State Department employee suspected of being a communist, for perjury.
What was the punishment for the Rosenbergs who were convicted of providing bomb secrets to the Russians quizlet?
What was the punishment for the Rosenbergs, who were convicted of providing bomb secrets to the Russians?
They were executed by electric chair.
What was Eisenhower’s Vietnam policy?
The Vietnam Policy:
Eisenhower pursued a policy that has since come to be referred as the Eisenhower Doctrine, which was
one of containment
. … He believed that war in Vietnam would prove destructive and require extensive military action, for which he was not prepared to commit American troops.
What was Kennedy’s foreign policy called?
Kennedy’s foreign policy was dominated by American confrontations with the Soviet Union, manifested by proxy contests in the global state of tension known as the Cold War. Like his predecessors, Kennedy adopted the
policy of containment
, which purported to stop the spread of Communism.
