INTRODUCTION Diabetes mellitus (DM), is
a group of metabolic diseases in which
there are high blood sugar levels over a prolonged period. Symptoms of high blood sugar include frequent urination, increased thirst, and increased hunger.
What is the introduction of diabetes mellitus?
Diabetes Mellitus (“diabetes” for short) is
a serious disease that occurs when your body has difficulty properly regulating the amount of dissolved sugar (glucose) in your blood stream
. It is unrelated to a similarly named disorder “Diabetes Insipidus” which involves kidney-related fluid retention problems.
What is meant by diabetes mellitus?
Diabetes mellitus (sometimes called “sugar diabetes”) is
a condition that occurs when the body can't use glucose (a type of sugar) normally
. Glucose is the main source of energy for the body's cells. The levels of glucose in the blood are controlled by a hormone called insulin, which is made by the pancreas.
What is diabetes mellitus and classification?
Diabetes can be classified into the following general categories:
Type 1 diabetes
(due to β-cell destruction, usually leading to absolute insulin deficiency) Type 2 diabetes (due to a progressive insulin secretory defect on the background of insulin resistance)
Pathophysiology • Type 2 DM is characterized by
impaired insulin secretion
, insulin resistance, excessive hepatic glucose production, and abnormal fat metabolism. • Obesity (particularly visceral or central) is very common in type 2 DM.
What is the difference between diabetes and diabetes mellitus?
The term diabetes is derived from Latin (originally Greek) and means “to go through or siphon,” referring to a large amount of urine produced by the kidneys. The term mellitus, in Latin, means “sweet.” Diabetes mellitus
causes high blood glucose levels and glucose eventually spills into the urine
.
What causes diabetes mellitus?
Cause of Type 2 diabetes and prediabetes: Your body's cells don't allow
insulin
to work as it should to let glucose into its cells. Your body's cells have become resistant to insulin. Your pancreas can't keep up and make enough insulin to overcome this resistance. Glucose levels rise in your bloodstream.
What means mellitus?
(The name diabetes mellitus refers to these symptoms: diabetes, from the Greek diabainein, meaning “to pass through,” describes the copious urination, and mellitus, from the Latin meaning “
sweetened with honey
,” refers to sugar in the urine.)
What are complications of diabetes mellitus?
- Cardiovascular disease. …
- Nerve damage (neuropathy). …
- Kidney damage (nephropathy). …
- Eye damage (retinopathy). …
- Foot damage. …
- Skin conditions. …
- Hearing impairment. …
- Alzheimer's disease.
What are the 3 types of diabetes mellitus?
- Type 1 Diabetes. Type 1 diabetes is thought to be caused by an autoimmune reaction (the body attacks itself by mistake) that stops your body from making insulin. …
- Type 2 Diabetes. …
- Gestational Diabetes.
What are the 4 types of diabetes mellitus?
The most common types of diabetes are;
type 1, type 2, pre-diabetes, and gestational
.
Which is used to treat diabetes mellitus?
Insulin
remains the mainstay of treatment for patients with type 1 diabetes. Insulin is also an important therapy for type 2 diabetes when blood glucose levels cannot be controlled by diet, weight loss, exercise, and oral medications.
What is the major characteristic of diabetes mellitus?
Diabetes mellitus (DM), commonly known as just diabetes, is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by a high blood sugar level over a prolonged period of time. Symptoms often include
frequent urination, increased thirst and increased appetite
.
How do you diagnose diabetes mellitus?
- Random blood sugar test. A blood sample will be taken at a random time. …
- Fasting blood sugar test. A blood sample will be taken after an overnight fast. …
- Oral glucose tolerance test. For this test, you fast overnight, and the fasting blood sugar level is measured.
What is the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus?
The pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus is characterized by
peripheral insulin resistance, impaired regulation of hepatic glucose production, and declining β-cell function
, eventually leading toβ -cell failure.
What is differential diagnosis for diabetes mellitus?
Chronic pancreatitis
. Cystic fibrosis. Prader-Willi syndrome – Mental retardation, muscular hypotonia, obesity, short stature, and hypogonadism associated with DM. Nondiabetic glycosuria.
