Which statement best summarizes researchers' findings about the impact of the Head Start program?
Children participating in Head Start tended to be more ready for school and less likely to repeat a grade
. better on math aptitude and achievements tests and they spend MORE time studying.
Which statement is the best summary of the research findings about the impact of stereotype threat?
Which of the following is the best summary of the research findings about the impact of stereotype threat?
Test takers who are made aware of negative stereotypes against their gender/racial group will not score as highly on the test.
Which statement best describes the impact of genetics and environment on a child's IQ quizlet?
Which statement best describes the impact of genetics and environment on a child's IQ?
At age two, maternal IQ best predicts the IQ of a child
; by age four, the impact of the quality of the home environment becomes as good a predictor as maternal IQ.
Which statement is correct regarding the influence of environmental conditions on cognitive development?
Which statement is correct regarding the influence of environmental conditions on cognitive development?
Environmental conditions can hinder genetic influences on cognitive development
, especially among children raised in poverty.
Has Adopted children get older their intelligence scores become?
As adopted children get older, their intelligence test scores tend to become:
More like their biological parents as compared to their adoptive parents
.
What causes stereotype threat?
Situational factors that increase stereotype threat can include
the difficulty of the task
, the belief that the task measures their abilities, and the relevance of the stereotype to the task.
What is stereotype lift?
Stereotype lift is
the performance boost caused by the awareness that an outgroup is negatively stereotyped
. People may benefit from stereotype lift when the ability or worth of an outgroup is explicitly called into question.
What observation does the Flynn effect refer to?
The Flynn effect refers to
a secular increase in population intelligence quotient (IQ) observed
throughout the 20th century (1⇓⇓–4). The changes were rapid, with measured intelligence typically increasing around three IQ points per decade.
Which is the best definition of wisdom quizlet?
Which is the best definition of wisdom?
Expert knowledge in the fundamental pragmatics of life
.
Research on changes in intellectual abilities during adulthood indicates
that.
Which best describes the Flynn effect quizlet?
Which factor best describes the Flynn Effect?
Average IQ scores in the United States have risen dramatically over the past decades
. You just studied 40 terms!
What is Vygotsky's theory?
Vygotsky's theory revolves around the
idea that social interaction is central to learning
. This means the assumption must be made that all societies are the same, which is incorrect. Vygotsky emphasized the concept of instructional scaffolding, which allows the learned to build connections based on social interactions.
How does Piaget's theory explain cognitive development?
Piaget's stage theory describes the cognitive development of children. Cognitive development
involves changes in cognitive process and abilities
. 2 In Piaget's view, early cognitive development involves processes based upon actions and later progresses to changes in mental operations.
How does cognitive affect the environment?
Environmental conditions can
cause changes in gene expression through
a process called epigenetics. … For example, exposure to environmental tobacco smoke, either in utero or in one's living space, can affect cognitive development, resulting in cognitive dysfunction.
What do adoption studies tell us about intelligence?
adoption data showed that the IQ scores of the adopted children were
actually more highly correlated with the occupational status of their biological parents than their adoptive parents
, despite the significant environmental effect on the mean (4).
What is the impact of nature and nurture in the development of an adopted child?
Rather, the researchers conclude that
nature acts through nurture
; the care provided by parents (biological and adoptive) is necessary for the genetic heritage to express itself. But the nature of an adopted child also affects the nurture offered them.
What have adoption studies found?
Adoption studies have pinpointed that some traits are
linked to genetics
, for example, Schizophrenia, IQ, and criminality, however other compound factors (such as age and environment) have an impact as well.
Which of the following is the best example of stereotype threat quizlet?
Which of the following is the best example of a stereotype threat?
Performances of African-Americans are low in a test because of their anxiety about a stereotype
.
What is a stereotype simple definition?
:
a fixed idea that many people have about a thing or a group that may often be untrue or only partly true
. stereotype. verb. ste·reo·type. stereotyped; stereotyping.
How does stereotype threat affect academic performance?
The more it is used for one task, the less resources are available for another task. Researchers have shown that stereotype threat saps working memory capacity. … In sum, stereotype threat
disrupts the cognitive processes that allow us to effectively access and use our knowledge
. The result is reduced achievement.
What are some ways of reducing the stereotype effect?
- Empirically Validated Strategies to Reduce Stereotype Threat.
- Remove Cues That Trigger Worries About Stereotypes.
- Convey That Diversity is Valued.
- Create a Critical Mass.
- Create Fair Tests, Present Them as Fair and as Serving a Learning Purpose.
- Value Students' Individuality.
- Improve Cross-Group Interactions.
What is an identity threat?
Social identity threat is broadly defined as
the threat that people experience in situations where they feel devalued on the basis of a social identity
(Steele, Spencer, & Aronson, 2002). Such threats can undermine intellectual performance and threaten one's broader sense of belonging (e.g., Steele & Aronson, 1995).
What is causing the Flynn effect?
Those who have proposed that the Flynn effect has been caused by
improvements in education, greater test sophistication
, more cognitively stimulating environments, the “individual multiplier” and the “social multiplier”, etc. have apparently not noted there has been a secular increase in the DQs of infants aged 6–24 …
Why does the Flynn effect occur quizlet?
The Flynn Effect is
the phenomenon in which there is a marked increase in intelligence test score averages over time
. … There are many possible explanations for the Flynn Effect including better nutrition, less infectious disease, longer and more productive education, and more stimulating environments.
Why is the Flynn effect important?
Perhaps the most significant lesson to be learned from the Flynn effect is that intelligence, as measured by standard tests, does change over time—that IQ scores are not immutable either within an individual or across populations.
Which is the best definition of wisdom?
1a :
ability to discern inner qualities and relationships
: insight. b : good sense : judgment. c : generally accepted belief challenges what has become accepted wisdom among many historians— Robert Darnton. d : accumulated philosophical or scientific learning : knowledge.
Which statement best exemplifies the concept of self esteem quizlet?
Which statement best exemplifies the concept of self esteem?
“All in all, I am a worthless individual.
” Which is best described as the overall sense of who you are? Who would be most likely to argue that the vast majority of personality is formed between birth and age 6?
Which of the following accurately summarizes Terman's famous longitudinal study of findings regarding gifted children?
Which of the following accurately summarizes Terman's famous longitudinal study of findings regarding gifted children (i.e., the “Termites”)?
Gifted children are well adjusted and morally mature.
What is Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences quizlet?
Theory of Multiple Intelligences. *Howard Gardner, 1983,
proposed a model of intelligence which differentiates intelligence into various specific- primarily sensory- modalities
, rather than seeing it as dominated by a single general ability.
How changes to the brain can impact cognitive functioning?
The basic cognitive functions most affected by age are
attention and memory
. … Deficits at these early processing stages could affect cognitive functions later in the processing stream. Higher-level cognitive functions such as language processing and decision making may also be affected by age.
Which statement best describes the impact of genetics and environment on a child's IQ group of answer choices?
Which statement best describes the impact of genetics and environment on a child's IQ?
At age two, maternal IQ best predicts the IQ of a child
; by age four, the impact of the quality of the home environment becomes as good a predictor as maternal IQ.
Which of the following trends is referred to as the Flynn effect?
Research has uncovered an interesting phenomenon. On average, IQ test scores worldwide have been increasing over time:
younger generations perform better than older generations
. … This is called the Flynn effect, after the researcher who first documented this phenomenon.
What is cognitive influence?
Cognitive factors refer
to characteristics of the person that affect performance and learning
. … Messick (1994) refers to cognitive style as characteristic modes of thinking, perceiving, problem solving, and remembering that may influence how a person approaches a problem or task.
What is cognitive thought process?
Cognition is a term
referring to the mental processes involved in gaining knowledge and comprehension
. These cognitive processes include thinking, knowing, remembering, judging, and problem-solving. 1 These are higher-level functions of the brain and encompass language, imagination, perception, and planning.
How are Vygotsky and Piaget similar?
Another similarity between the theories of Piaget and Vygotsky is
the acquisition of speech
. Both of them considered that acquisition of speech is the major activity in cognitive development. … Moreover, egocentric speech is an important transitional stage between social speech and inner speech.
What research methods did Vygotsky use?
Vygotsky used
a dialectical approach
to analyze the way that symbol and tool use among early humans led to more complex social interactions and to the development of human consciousness.
What is Albert Bandura theory?
Social learning theory
, proposed by Albert Bandura, emphasizes the importance of observing, modelling, and imitating the behaviors, attitudes, and emotional reactions of others. … Behavior is learned from the environment through the process of observational learning.
How does Piaget's theory impact child development?
Piaget saw the child as constantly creating and re-creating their own model of reality, achieving mental growth by
integrating simpler concepts into higher-level concepts at each stage of development
.
What is Jean Piaget's theory called?
Piaget's theory of cognitive development
is a comprehensive theory about the nature and development of human intelligence. It was originated by the Swiss developmental psychologist Jean Piaget (1896–1980). … Piaget's theory is mainly known as a developmental stage theory.
How Vygotsky's theory is different from Piaget's theory of cognitive development explain in detail?
Vygotsky believed that
the child is a social being
, and cognitive development is led by social interactions. Piaget, on the other hand, felt that the child was more independent and that development was guided by self-centered, focused activities.
What do twin and adoption studies tell us about intelligence?
Intelligence cannot be solely attributed to genetics; adoption studies and fraternal twin studies show
that environment and the way in which children are raised can have an impact on intelligence
. However, research has shown that over time genetic influences on intelligence are more stable and apparent later in life.
Where researchers believe high intelligence comes from?
Where does high intelligence come from? Some researchers believe that intelligence is
a trait inherited from a person's parents
. Scientists who research this topic typically use twin studies to determine the heritability of intelligence.
What do twin and adoption studies indicate about the influence of heredity on intelligence?
Twin studies show a higher correlation between identical twins in IQ than between fraternal twins. This holds true even when identical twins reared apart are compared to fraternal twins reared together. Adoption studies show that
adopted children somewhat resemble their biological parents in intelligence
.
