Minimum effective concentration (MEC) is
the minimum plasma concentration of a drug needed to achieve sufficient drug concentration at the receptors to produce the desired
pharmacologic response, if drug molecules in plasma are in equilibrium with drug molecules in the various tissues (Figure 1.3).
How do I get a Cp0?
The Cp0 is determined by
back extrapolation of the ln Cp versus time curve to the intercept on the y-axis
. It follows from the above, that to achieve a target Cp, the Vd of the drug must be known.
What is MTC & MEC?
Minimum effective concentration
(MEC) is the minimum concentration that is required for drug effect. Minimum toxic concentration (MTC) is the minimum concentration in which toxicity usually occurs.
What is Cmax of a drug?
C
max
is
the highest concentration of a drug in the blood
, cerebrospinal fluid, or target organ after a dose is given.
What is the maximum safe concentration?
Maximum Safe Concentration (MSC): Also called as minimum toxic concentration (MTC) It is
the concentration of drug in plasma above which adverse or unwanted effects are precipitated
. Concentration of drug above MSC is said to be in the toxic level.
What biological fluid is most used for drug measurement?
Plasma (P) and saliva (S)
are the main biological fluids used for drug monitoring.
Which therapeutic index is the safest?
A ratio that compares the blood concentration at which a drug becomes toxic and the concentration at which the drug is effective.
The larger the therapeutic index (TI)
, the safer the drug is.
What is the difference between Cmax and AUC?
In bioequivalence studies, the maximum concentration (Cmax) is shown to reflect not only the rate but also the extent of absorption.
Cmax is highly correlated with the area under the curve (AUC) contrasting blood concentration with time
.
What does AUC of a drug mean?
In pharmacology, the area under the plot of plasma concentration of a drug versus time after dosage (called “
area under the curve
” or AUC) gives insight into the extent of exposure to a drug and its clearance rate from the body.
What is first moment curve?
The first moment curve is
prepared when concentration x time is plotted versus time
. AUMC can be mathematically expressed as: (6.6) Knowledge about AUC and AUMC allows further calculation and analysis of drug characteristics.
What is minimum safe concentration?
Minimum effective concentration (MEC) is the
minimum plasma concentration of a drug needed to achieve sufficient drug concentration
at the receptors to produce the desired pharmacologic response, if drug molecules in plasma are in equilibrium with drug molecules in the various tissues (Figure 1.3).
How do you calculate drug concentration?
Strengths and concentrations
However, quite often the strength of a drug is presented as a percentage, as described below:
% w/v = percentage weight of a substance by volume measured in grams in 100 millilitres
.
% w/w = percentage weight of a substance by weight measured in grams in 100 grams
.
What is drug bioavailability?
More accurately, bioavailability is
a measure of the rate and fraction of the initial dose of a drug that successfully reaches either
; the site of action or the bodily fluid domain from which the drug’s intended targets have unimpeded access.[1][2][3] For majority purposes, bioavailability is defined as the fraction of …
Which technique is used to assess a drug concentration in plasma?
The concentration of drug in blood plasma can be measured via a variety of clinical chemistry techniques (e.g.,
immunoassays or chromatography
[83] ), and these measurements can be used to parameterize pharmacokinetic models that describe the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of a therapeutic agent [ …
Which technique is used to measure drug concentration in plasma?
chromatography; mass spectrometry
. Usually, serum or plasma is used for the measurement of concentration of a drug of interest for the purpose of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM).
What is the therapeutic window for a drug?
Therapeutic window is the
time range between injury and treatment during which the treatment is still effective
. Time windows for neuroprotective agents that target early injury mechanisms are frequently over before patients can reasonably get treatment.
