At the level of the gene, parallel evolution may be viewed as production of
similar phenotypes
by orthologous genes, i.e., homologous genes that have diverged from a common ancestor, while convergent evolution occurs when similar phenotypes are produced by genes that are not homologous.
What is divergent convergent and parallel evolution?
parallel evolution. While species in divergent evolution essentially
diverge
and in convergent evolution merges, species in parallel evolution tend to evolve structures parallel to other species within the same environment.
What is the difference between parallel evolution and convergent evolution?
Answer: Convergent evolution occurs when
descendants resemble each other more closely than their ancestors did in some way
. Parallel evolution implies that two or more lineages changed in similar ways so that the evolved descendants are as similar as their ancestors were.
What is parallel evolution and example?
‘Parallel evolution’ occurs when independent species acquire similar characteristics while evolving together at the same time in the same ecospace. An example of parallel evolution is
extinct browsing-horses and paleotheres
. Thus in convergent evolution, they became increasingly similar over time. …
What are three examples of parallel evolution?
Examples of these include the
litopterns and horses
, whose legs are difficult to distinguish; the European sabre-tooth tiger (Smilodon) and the South American marsupial sabre-tooth (Thylacosmilus); the Tasmanian wolf and the European wolf; likewise marsupial and placental moles, flying squirrels, and (arguably) mice.
What are the 3 types of evolution?
Evolution over time can follow several different patterns. Factors such as environment and predation pressures can have different effects on the ways in which species exposed to them evolve. shows the three main types of evolution:
divergent, convergent, and parallel evolution
.
What are 2 examples of convergent evolution?
An example of convergent evolution is the
similar nature of the flight/wings of insects, birds, pterosaurs, and bats
. All four serve the same function and are similar in structure, but each evolved independently.
What’s an example of convergent evolution?
Convergent evolution is when different organisms independently evolve similar traits. For example,
sharks and dolphins
look relatively similar despite being entirely unrelated. … Another lineage stayed put in the ocean, undergoing tweaks to become the modern shark.
What are the 5 types of evolution?
Groups of species undergo various kinds of natural selection and, over time, may engage in several patterns of evolution:
convergent evolution, divergent evolution, parallel evolution, and coevolution
.
What are the 4 types of evidence for evolution?
Evidence for evolution:
anatomy, molecular biology, biogeography, fossils, & direct observation
.
What are the 6 patterns of evolution?
- Mass Extinctions.
- Adaptive Radiation.
- Convergent Evolution.
- Coevolution.
- Punctuated Equilibrium.
- Developmental Gene Changes.
What is an example of a parallelism?
In English grammar, parallelism (also called parallel structure or parallel construction) is
the repetition of the same grammatical form in two or more parts of a sentence
. I like to jog, bake, paint, and watching movies. I like to jog, bake, paint, and watch movies.
What does parallel evolution result in?
Parallel evolution implies that
two or more lineages have changed in similar ways
, so that the evolved descendants are as similar to each other as their ancestors were.
What is another name for parallel evolution?
This is an example of parallel evolution (
Homoplasy
). When parallel evolution under similar environmental conditions in distantly-related organisms results in plants and animals that are morphologically very similar in overall appearance, this is called convergent evolution.
Does natural selection result in parallel evolution?
Two selection experiments with Drosophila have resulted in
parallel evolution of premating isolation
(reviewed in Rice and Hostert 1993). … In both studies some premating isolation evolved between lines in alternative environments, but none evolved between replicate lines expe- riencing the same environment.
Can genetic drift cause parallel evolution?
This inference rests on the assumption that parallel evolution requires
strong selection
and cannot plausibly be explained by stochastic processes like mutation and genetic drift (i.e. – chance; see [1] for further considerations). A compelling case is often made that strong selection causes parallel evolution.
