The extended mind theory says that
‘cognition’ does not just happen in our heads
. Just as a prosthetic limb can become part of a body, technology such as computers (or even notebooks) become part of our minds. Professor Andy Clark worked with David Chalmers in the 1990s.
Who proposed the extended mind hypothesis?
In this paper I will focus exclusively on the functionalist version of the extended mind originally proposed by
Clark and Chalmers
(1998), and further developed mainly by Clark (2003, 2007, 2008, 2010a,b, 2011) and Wilson (2004).
What is Clark & Chalmers argument for extended mind?
In 1998, Andy Clark and David Chalmers published an essay in Analysis entitled “The Extended Mind” that proposed and defended a radical claim. They argued
that minds can and sometimes do extend beyond our skin out into the broader world
, in non-biological representational systems and devices.
What is the parity principle that figures in the extended mind thesis?
[Parity Principle] If,
as we confront some task, a part of the world functions as a process which, were it to go on in the head, we would have no hesitation in accepting as part of the cognitive process, then that part of the world is (for that time) part of the cognitive process
[6: pg. 77].
Do you think that Otto’s notebook is part of his cognitive system?
The information in Otto’s notebook, for example, is a
central part of his identity as a cognitive agent
. What this comes to is that Otto himself is best regarded as an extended system, a coupling of biological organism and external resources.
Does the mind extend beyond the brain?
Traditionally, scientists have tried to define the mind as the product of brain activity: The brain is the physical substance, and the mind is the conscious product of those firing neurons, according to the classic argument. But
growing evidence shows that the mind goes far beyond the physical workings of your brain
.
Is Mind extended?
Because external objects play a significant role in aiding cognitive processes, the mind and the environment act as a “coupled system” that can be seen as a complete cognitive system of its own. In this manner, the
mind is extended into the physical world
.
What is the extension of the mind?
The extended mind thesis (EMT) claims that the
cognitive processes
that make up the human mind can reach beyond the boundaries of individual to include as proper parts aspects of the individual’s physical and sociocultural environment.
What is active Externalism?
Active externalism, contrary to Putnam and Burge’s content (or passive) externalism,
concerns the aspects of the environment that determine the content and the flow of cognition
, not by acting as the background which cognition takes place against or is merely embedded in, but instead by driving and restraining the on- …
What is cognitive coupling?
3) Cognitive coupling (communicating with and learning. from others) Human cognitive coupling is
two-way communication on a reasoning level
. Consider an apprentice craftsman relationship as an example.
What is a parity principle?
The parity principle is based on
the concept that like cases should be treated alike and different cases differently
: Green v The Queen (2011) 244 CLR 462; Lowe v The Queen (1984) 154 CLR 606. See [10-801], [10-805]. Ordinarily, related offenders should be sentenced at the same time by the same judge.
Principle of Parity of Authority and Responsibility- According to this principle,
the manager should keep a balance between authority and responsibility
. … The manager at every level, no matter what is his authority, is always responsible to his superior for carrying out his task by delegating the powers.
Is dualism a theory?
The term ‘dualism’ has a variety of uses in the history of thought. … In the philosophy of mind, dualism is
the theory that the mental and the physical – or mind and body or mind and brain – are, in some sense, radically different kinds of thing
.
What is coupling in psychology?
Coupling theory is the
idea that some behaviors are “coupled
”–a behavior is linked to a specific context. A person’s behavior is affected by his personal history and environment.
What is cognitive thought process?
Cognition is a term
referring to the mental processes involved in gaining knowledge and comprehension
. These cognitive processes include thinking, knowing, remembering, judging, and problem-solving. 1 These are higher-level functions of the brain and encompass language, imagination, perception, and planning.
Where is the soul in the body?
The soul or atman, credited with the ability to enliven the body, was located by ancient anatomists and philosophers in
the lungs or heart
, in the pineal gland (Descartes), and generally in the brain.
