Generally outbreak means a “sudden occurrence,” while in the epidemiological sense an outbreak is defined as
a sudden increase in the disease frequency, related to time, place, and observed population
.
What defines outbreak of infection?
An outbreak or incident may be defined as:
an incident in which 2 or more people experiencing a similar illness are linked in time or place
.
a greater than expected rate of infection
compared with the usual background rate for the place and time where the outbreak has occurred.
What does outbreak mean in epidemiology?
Definition of an Outbreak
An outbreak is commonly defined as:
The occurrence in a community or region of cases
.
of an illness with a frequency clearly in excess of
.
normal expectancy
. The number of cases.
How do you identify an outbreak?
Outbreaks are detected by using
public health surveillance methods
, including PulseNet, formal reports of illnesses, and informal reports of illnesses.
What is a pandemic vs epidemic?
Let’s start with basic definitions: AN EPIDEMIC is a disease that affects a large number of people within a community, population, or region.
A PANDEMIC is an epidemic that’s spread over multiple countries or continents
.
Who is an epidemiologist?
Epidemiologists are
public health workers who investigate patterns and causes of disease and injury
. They seek to reduce the risk and occurrence of negative health outcomes through research, community education and health policy.
What is an example of pandemic?
An animal flu virus in domesticated or wild animals
has caused infection in humans and is considered a potential pandemic threat. An animal or human-animal flu virus has caused clusters of disease in people but has not resulted in human-to-human transmission rates that suggest a community outbreak.
What to do if an outbreak occurs?
- Step 1: Detect a Possible Outbreak.
- Step 2: Define and Find Cases.
- Step 3: Generate Hypotheses about Likely Sources.
- Step 4: Test Hypotheses.
- Step 5: Solve Point of Contamination and Source of the Food.
- Step 6: Control an Outbreak.
- Step 7: Decide an Outbreak is Over.
When should an outbreak of infection be declared?
Two or more cases of diarrhoea and/or vomiting in a 24 hour period in an institution
or among a group of people who shared a common exposure or food source should be suspected as constituting an outbreak and an assessment or investigation commenced.
Why is it important to manage an outbreak?
The purpose of outbreak management is
to protect public health by identifying the source and implementing control measures to prevent further spread or recurrence of the infection
.
What questions do Epidemiologists ask?
- Why are infection rates of this disease higher than normal?
- Why are infection rates of this disease higher than normal in this location?
- What is the potential for the disease to spread?
What are the 5 steps of surveillance?
- Reporting. Someone has to record the data. …
- Data accumulation. Someone has to be responsible for collecting the data from all the reporters and putting it all together. …
- Data analysis. …
- Judgment and action.
What was the worst pandemic in history?
- Plague of Justinian—No One Left to Die. …
- Black Death—The Invention of Quarantine. …
- The Great Plague of London—Sealing Up the Sick. …
- 9 Unexpected Things Navy SEALs Discovered in Osama bin Laden’s Compound. …
- Smallpox—A European Disease Ravages the New World.
Is epidemic worse than pandemic?
How does a pandemic differ from an epidemic? The main way pandemics differ from epidemics is through the breadth of their reach. They cover wider geographical areas, often the entire world, and affect
far more people than
an epidemic. Similarly, pandemics tend to cause many more deaths than epidemics.
When was the last pandemic in the United States?
The 1918 Spanish flu was the first of three flu pandemics caused by H1N1 influenza A virus; the most recent one was the
2009 swine flu pandemic
.
Do epidemiologists go to med school?
According to Springer Publishing, medical epidemiologists
usually have doctoral degrees
, such as a Doctor of Medicine (M.D.). This is different from other types of epidemiologists, as an M.D. is usually not required.
