The
process by which DNA is copied to RNA
is called transcription, and that by which RNA is used to produce proteins is called translation.
What is meant by gene transcription?
Transcription is the
process by which the information in a strand of DNA is copied into a new molecule of messenger RNA (mRNA)
. The newly formed mRNA copies of the gene then serve as blueprints for protein synthesis during the process of translation. …
What is the difference between gene transcription and translation?
Hint: Transcription is the process of copying a gene’s DNA sequence to make an RNA molecule and translation is the process in which proteins are synthesized after the process of transcription of DNA to RNA in the cell’s nucleus. …
Translation synthesizes proteins from RNA copies
.
What is gene expression transcription and translation?
Most genes contain the information needed to make functional molecules called proteins. … Together, transcription and translation are known as gene expression. During the process of transcription, the information stored in a gene’s DNA is passed to a similar molecule called RNA (ribonucleic acid) in the cell nucleus.
What is gene translation?
= Translation is the
process of translating the sequence of a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule
to a sequence of amino acids during protein synthesis. The genetic code describes the relationship between the sequence of base pairs in a gene and the corresponding amino acid sequence that it encodes.
What are the similarities and differences between transcription and translation?
Transcription is
the synthesis of RNA from a DNA template where the code in the DNA is converted into
a complementary RNA code. Translation is the synthesis of a protein from an mRNA template where the code in the mRNA is converted into an amino acid sequence in a protein.
What are 3 steps of translation?
Translation of an mRNA molecule by the ribosome occurs in three stages:
initiation, elongation, and termination
.
What is the main goal of Transcription?
Overview of Transcription. Transcription
uses the sequence of bases in a strand of DNA to make a complementary strand of mRNA
. Triplets are groups of three successive nucleotide bases in DNA. Codons are complementary groups of bases in mRNA.
What are the 5 steps of Transcription?
- of 05. Pre-Initiation. Atomic Imagery / Getty Images. …
- of 05. Initiation. Forluvoft / Wikimedia Commons / Public Domain. …
- of 05. Promoter Clearance. …
- of 05. Elongation. …
- of 05. Termination.
What do you mean by Transcription?
Transcription is
the process of making an RNA copy of a gene sequence
. This copy, called a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule, leaves the cell nucleus and enters the cytoplasm, where it directs the synthesis of the protein, which it encodes. Here is a more complete definition of transcription: Transcription.
What is gene expression in simple terms?
Gene Expression
= Gene expression is
the process by which the information encoded in a gene is used to direct the assembly of a protein molecule
. The cell reads the sequence of the gene in groups of three bases. Each group of three bases (codon) corresponds to one of 20 different amino acids used to build the protein.
What is gene expression example?
Some simple examples of where gene expression is important are:
Control of insulin expression
so it gives a signal for blood glucose regulation. X chromosome inactivation in female mammals to prevent an “overdose” of the genes it contains. Cyclin expression levels control progression through the eukaryotic cell cycle.
What are the 4 steps of transcription?
- Initiation. The DNA molecule unwinds and separates to form a small open complex.
- Elongation. RNA polymerase moves along the template strand, synthesising an mRNA molecule.
- Termination. In prokaryotes there are two ways in which transcription is terminated.
- Processing.
What happens during translation?
During translation,
ribosomal subunits assemble together like a sandwich on the strand of mRNA
, where they proceed to attract tRNA molecules tethered to amino acids (circles). A long chain of amino acids emerges as the ribosome decodes the mRNA sequence into a polypeptide, or a new protein.
What is the end result of translation?
The amino acid sequence
is the final result of translation, and is known as a polypeptide. Polypeptides can then undergo folding to become functional proteins.
In what two places in the cell can translation occur?
In eukaryotes, transcription and translation take place in different cellular compartments: transcription takes place in the membrane-bounded nucleus, whereas translation takes place
outside the nucleus in the cytoplasm
. In prokaryotes, the two processes are closely coupled (Figure 28.15).
