Abstract. An intense flame is created in front of each tuyere when the preheated blast air contacts the hot coke in the blast furnace. … The temperature of this flame is an important blast furnace parameter. It is known as the
raceway adiabatic flame temperature
or RAFT.
What are the 3 ingredients for the blast furnace?
2.3.
Blast furnace gas is produced during the iron oxide reduction in blast furnace iron making in which
iron ore, coke and limestone
are heated and melted in a blast furnace and is an indigenous process gas of the steelworks industry (Pugh et al., 2013).
How raft is controlled in a running blast furnace?
The RAFT is controlled by
blast parameters
like 1) its temperature, 2) oxygen content, 3) humidity content, and 4) fuel injectant rate. … On the other hand, oxygen enrichment of the air blast increases RAFT, since the volume of gas is the flame is less because of less nitrogen.
What is stockline in blast furnace?
Stockline level – For blast furnace with bell top, it is
the horizontal line at the bottom of the large bell when closed
. For example, a 1.83 m (6 feet) stockline means the horizontal line located 1.83 m below the large bell when closed.
What is Hopper in blast furnace?
The hopper
prevents gas from escaping from the furnace while it is being charged
. … Tuyeres – The hot blast air is delivered to the furnace through water-cooled openings called tuyeres. The tuyeres are located at the top of the hearth.
What is blast furnace productivity?
Blast furnace productivity greatly depends on the quality of sinter. Sinter is to have optimum grain distribution, high strength, high reducibility, high porosity, softening temperatures greater than 1250 deg C, constant FeO content in the range of
7 % to 8 %
and constant basicity.
How do you control Sulphur in a blast furnace?
There are four stages where sulphur can be removed: in the blast furnace (BF),
during hot metal (HM) pretreatment
, in the converter and during the secondary metallurgy (SM) treatment. For sulphur removal a low oxygen activity and a basic slag are required.
What fuel do you use for a blast furnace?
Add Fuel to the Blast Furnace
In this tutorial, we are going to use
coal
as our fuel. TIP: Some fuels burn longer than others and therefore can smelt more items.
Why is coke used in a blast furnace?
Publisher Summary. Metallurgical coke, along with iron ore and limestone, is layered into a blast furnace
to convert the iron ore to metallic iron
. Coke, which is mostly carbon, reacts with the blast air to produce carbon monoxide, which, in turn, reacts with the iron oxide to produce carbon dioxide and metallic iron.
Why coke is used in blast furnace not coal?
Since smoke-producing constituents are driven off during the coking of coal, coke forms a desirable fuel for stoves and furnaces in which conditions are not suitable for the complete burning of bituminous coal itself.
Coke may be combusted producing little or no smoke
, while bituminous coal would produce much smoke.
How hot does a blast furnace get?
The preheated air reacts vigorously with the preheated coke, resulting in both the formation of the reducing gas (carbon monoxide) that rises through the furnace, and a very high temperature of
about 1,650° C (3,000° F)
that produces the liquid iron and slag.
What is the capacity of blast furnace?
Large blast furnaces with an inner volume of about 5000 m
3
and more have a full height (including charging and off-gas systems; see Section 17.2) of about 100–130 m and production capacity
approximately 11,000–13,000 tons
of hot metal a day.
What is the hottest furnace on earth?
The current official highest registered air temperature on Earth is 56.7 °C (134.1 °F), recorded on 10 July 1913 at
Furnace Creek Ranch
, in Death Valley in the United States.
Can a hopper feed a furnace?
Make sure the hoppers connect properly to the furnace.
Place a hopper underneath the furnace
, and place a chest under it. Place chests on the other two hoppers. Place fuel in the chest on one side, and the items you want to smelt on the other.
Why is it called blast furnace?
The Blast Furnace is a large steel structure about 30 metres high. It is lined with refractory firebricks that can withstand temperatures approaching 2000
o
C. The furnace gets its name
from the method that is used to heat it
. Pre-heated air at about 1000
o
C is blasted into the furnace through nozzles near its base.
Which oxygen is used for blast furnace operation?
More than half the world's steel is produced in the basic oxygen process (BOP), which uses
pure oxygen
to convert a charge of liquid blast-furnace iron and scrap into steel.
