associative learning
. learning that certain events occur together. The events may be two stimuli (as in classical conditioning) or a response and its consequences (as in operant conditioning).
What is a type of learning in which one learns to link two or more stimuli and anticipate events?
–
Classical conditioning
– a type of learning in which one learns to link two or more stimuli and anticipate events.
What type of learning occurs when two events are linked?
Associative learning modifies the behavior via relating one stimulus with another, or relating a stimulus with a particular behavior. In classical conditioning, a person pairs two stimuli, and therefore reflex response is modified.
Which principle of learning states that an association occurs between a pattern of stimuli and a response when paired?
Pavlov had identified a fundamental associative learning process called
classical conditioning
. Classical conditioning refers to learning that occurs when a neutral stimulus (e.g., a tone) becomes associated with a stimulus (e.g., food) that naturally produces a behaviour.
What type of learning demonstrates that learning can occur without reinforcement or punishment and only becomes apparent when there is some incentive to demonstrate it?
In
operant conditioning
, one in which reinforcement is presented after a varying number of responses. … Learning that occurs in the absence of reinforcement but only becomes apparent when there is an incentive to demonstrate it.
What is an example of negative punishment?
Losing access to a toy, being grounded, and losing reward tokens
are all examples of negative punishment. In each case, something good is being taken away as a result of the individual’s undesirable behavior.
What is it called when the brain connects events that occur in a sequence?
association
.
Our minds
naturally connect events that occur in sequence. Associative learning: learning that certain events occur together. The events may be two stimuli (as in classical conditioning) or a response and its consequences (as in operant conditioning). (
What are two types of consequences?
There are two types of consequences:
positive (sometimes called pleasant) and negative (sometimes called aversive)
. These can be added to or taken away from the environment in order to change the probability of a given response occurring again.
What is the difference between a primary and a conditioned reinforcer group of answer choices?
What is the difference between primary and conditioned reinforcers? Primary:
A consequence that maintains behavior (reinforcer), and no learning is required for this consequence to serve as a reinforcer
. Conditioned: It is a consequent stimulus that acquired reinforcing properties during the lifetime of the organism.
Which of the following is true of positive and negative reinforcers?
Which of the following is true of positive and negative reinforcers? a.
Positive reinforcers decrease the rate of operant responding
; negative reinforcers increase the rate of operant responding.
Is association to a stimulus contributes to learning?
Associative learning is a
form of conditioning
, a theory that states behavior can be modified or learned based on a stimulus and a response. This means that behavior can be learned or unlearned based on the response it generates.
What is learning by association called?
Associative learning
, in animal behaviour, any learning process in which a new response becomes associated with a particular stimulus. In its broadest sense, the term has been used to describe virtually all learning except simple habituation (q.v.).
What is the difference between a stimuli and a response?
A
change
in the environment is the stimulus; the reaction of the organism to it is the response.
What was Bandura’s theory?
Social learning theory
, proposed by Albert Bandura, emphasizes the importance of observing, modelling, and imitating the behaviors, attitudes, and emotional reactions of others. … Behavior is learned from the environment through the process of observational learning.
Which of the following is an example of vicarious punishment?
A
person is caught stealing
and is taken to jail. Those who saw the person steal and receive punishment learn vicariously that stealing brings a negative consequence. If the vicarious punishment works, they won’t steal in the future.
What is Tolman’s theory?
According to Tolman’s theory
of sign learning
, an organism learns by pursuing signs to a goal, i.e., learning is acquired through meaningful behavior. Tolman emphasized the organized aspect of learning: “The stimuli which are allowed in are not connected by just simple one-to-one switches to the outgoing responses.
