What Is Abnormal Synergy?

Abnormal synergy is

a motor impairment in patients after stroke

[8, 9]. Some patients lose independent control of selected muscle groups, resulting in coupled joint movements that are often inappropriate for the desired task. These coupled movements are known as abnormal synergy.

What is a muscle synergy pattern?

Here a muscle synergy is defined as

the coordinated recruitment of a group of muscles with specific activation balances or specific activation waveforms

. … This mechanism is believed to simplify the selection of the appropriate muscle commands for a given behavioral goal.

What is synergy in occupational therapy?

Muscle

synergies result from muscles coordinating movements to perform different tasks

. These synergies allow common patterns of movement that involve either cooperative or reciprocal activation of muscle. Because the muscles are linked, one activated muscle may lead to partial or complete responses in other muscles.

What are synergistic movements?

Synergistic movement happens

when you try to make one movement on your affected side, and you end up making multiple movements

. For example, trying to move your affected arm might result in hand and shoulder movements too. While movement is a great sign during stroke recovery, synergistic movement is less than ideal.

How do you treat synergies?

1. Passive Exercises and Stretching. Passive range-of-motion exercises can help you maintain range of motion and may assist in regaining control of your muscles. …
2. Sensory Exercises. Sensory stimulus plays a crucial role in synergistic movements. …
3. Active Range-of-Motion Exercises.

What happens in the first 3 days after a stroke?

During the first few days after your stroke, you

might be very tired and need to recover from the initial event

. Meanwhile, your team will identify the type of stroke, where it occurred, the type and amount of damage, and the effects. They may perform more tests and blood work.

What is Roods approach?

Rood approach is a

neurophysiological approach developed by Margaret Rood in 1940

. (1-2) Rood approach. deals with the activation or de-activation of sensory receptors, which is concerned with the interaction of somatic, autonomic and psychic factors and their role in the regulation of motor behavior.

What is a flexor synergy?

Flexor synergy includes

the external rotation of the shoulder, flexion of the elbow, and supination of the forearm

. The extensor synergy, in contrast, includes internal rotation of the shoulder with elbow extension and pronation of the forearm.

Does stretching help with spasticity?

Prolonged passive muscle stretching is a common treatment for people with spasticity CP. Sustained passive muscle stretching for a

long duration improves the range of movements

, and reduces the spasticity of muscles

^{11 , 12 )}

.

What is extension synergy?

The extension synergy is described as

shoulder adduction (SADD) coupled with elbow extension, pronation, and variable postures at the hand

, possibly including wrist extension and finger flexion (Twitchell, 1951, Brunnstrom, 1970, Radomski and Latham, 2008).

What is a PNF pattern?

Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation or PNF was developed in the 1940s as a series of techniques aimed at improving muscular coordination, strength, endurance, mobility, and control. The technique includes

different resistance patterns and basic movement patterns

.

What coordinated movement?

Coordination is the ability to select the right muscle at the right time with proper intensity to achieve proper action. Coordinated movement is characterized by

appropriate speed, distance, direction, timing and muscular tension

.

What are associated reactions?

Associated reactions are

an effort-dependent phenomenon causing an involuntary increase in upper limb muscle tone

, with awkward and uncomfortable postures [4].

Why do synergies occur?

Synergy is the concept that

the value and performance of two companies combined will be greater than the sum of the separate individual parts

. … The expected synergy achieved through a merger can be attributed to various factors, such as increased revenues, combined talent and technology, and cost reduction.

What is Brunnstrom's Movement Therapy?

The Brunnstrom approach is a widely used movement therapy approach used by clinicians. This approach highly

focuses synergic pattern of spastic muscles on the recovery of stroke patients through various stages

. There is no specialized training available in this approach.

What is upper extremity flexion synergy?

The flexion synergy for the upper extremity includes

scapular retraction and elevation, shoulder abduction and external rotation, elbow flexion, forearm supination, and wrist and finger flexion

.