An important development in Tajfel’s thinking was revealed in a 1970 paper, “
Experiments in Intergroup Discrimination
,” in which he explored the concept of social categorization (the classification of people as members of social groups) as a basis for intergroup discrimination (discrimination by members of one group …
Who is Henri Tajfel and what has he studied?
Henri Tajfel (1919-1982) was one of the most influential social psychologists of the 20
th
Century. Born in Poland to Jewish parents, he was studying in
France
when World War II broke out.
What did Tajfel find?
Tajfel demonstrated that
merely categorising people into in-groups and out-groups is sufficient to create intergroup discrimination
. However it has been suggested that if schoolboys are divided into groups, by adults, they will automatically interpret these groups as ‘teams’ and think in terms of competition.
Social identity theory proposed by Tajfel and Turner (1986) suggests that
individuals experience collective identity based on their membership in a group
, such as racial/ethnic and gender identities.
Social identity theory was developed to explain how individuals create and define their place in society. According to the theory, three psychological processes are central in that regard:
social categorization, social comparison, and social identification.
How does realistic conflict theory explain prejudice?
The theory explains
how intergroup hostility can arise as a result of conflicting goals and competition over limited resources
, and it also offers an explanation for the feelings of prejudice and discrimination toward the outgroup that accompany the intergroup hostility.
Who came up with identity theory?
Mind-brain identity theory arose in the mid-20
th
century when it was promoted in ideas set forward by several philosophers and academics (namely Place,
Herbert Feigl and J.J.C. Smart
).
What is intergroup discrimination?
Intergroup discrimination can be defined broadly as
differential treatment of individuals based on social category membership
.
What is a minimal group psychology?
Minimal group paradigm is
a social psychology research methodology
that proposes that the minimal condition for group biases (like favoritism towards your own group and prejudice towards other groups) is simply being a member of a group.
The minimal group paradigm is a methodology employed in social psychology. Although it may be used for a variety of purposes, it is best known as
a method for investigating the minimal conditions required for discrimination to occur between groups
.
Social identity theory (SIT) provides
a framework for explaining intergroup behavior and intergroup communication based on the inherent value humans place on social group memberships, and their desire to view their specific social groups in a positive light
. This desire can lead to intergroup prejudice and conflict.
A weaknesses of the Social identity theory is that its
application is restricted in the sense that it has very low ecological validity
. Another weakness is that SIT favors situational factors rather than dispositional is not supported by evidence.
SOCIAL IDENTITY EXPLAINS PREJUDICE. … Social Identity Theory (SIT) says
we get our self-esteem from the groups we belong to
. It opposes “Realist” theories because it suggests that group membership by itself is sufficient to create prejudice, without any need for competition over resources.
Social Identity Theory suggests what? Suggests that
individuals try to raise their own self esteem through personal success or associating themselves with successful groups
. … -The theory claims that people do not have a single personal self; instead, they have numerous identities that are both social and personal.
Social loafing describes
the tendency of individuals to put forth less effort when they are part of a group
. Because all members of the group are pooling their effort to achieve a common goal, each member of the group contributes less than they would if they were individually responsible.
What is Stryker’s identity theory?
Identity theory (Stryker 1968) began
by specifying the terms of the premise that soci- ety impacts self impacts social behavior
. Social behavior is specified by taking “role choice”— the opting by persons to meet expectations of one role rather than another—as that which the theory seeks to explain.
