The economic impact of malaria is estimated to
cost Africa $12 billion every year
. This figure factors in costs of health care, absenteeism, days lost in education, decreased productivity due to brain damage from cerebral malaria, and loss of investment and tourism.
How does malaria affect society?
Population Reference Bureau
The World Health Organization (WHO) reports malaria is
responsible for one in five deaths of African children under age 5 every year
. Malaria takes its toll not only in lives lost, but also in medical costs, lost income, and reduced economic output.
How does malaria affect the economy of South Africa?
Malaria has serious economic impacts in Africa,
slowing economic growth and development and perpetuating the cycle of poverty
. Malaria epitomises a disease of poverty, affecting primarily the poor who are resident in malaria-prone rural areas with poorly-constructed dwellings that offer few barriers against mosquitoes.
How does malaria contribute to poverty?
Its impact is especially ferocious on the poorest: those
least able to afford preventive measures and medical treatment
. Malaria kills well over 1 million people every year, claiming a child’s life every 30 seconds.
How does malaria depress the economic development?
The growth regression results show that countries with severe malaria in 1965 had
dramatically lower economic growth in
the next 25 years, after controlling for other factors that likely influenced growth, such as initial poverty, economic policy, initial health and education levels, and tropical location.
We know that
poverty can promote malaria transmission
, and that malaria causes poverty by blocking economic growth. Research shows that malaria can strain national economics, having a deleterious impact on some nations’ GDP by as much as an estimated 5 – 6%.
What are the environmental factors of malaria?
Climate-based factors,
temperature and precipitation
, are the primary environmental determinants of malaria. Temperature impacts vector and parasite development and thus is an important constraint on the geographical suitability to malaria (Gething et al. 2011).
What are causes of malaria?
Malaria is caused by the
Plasmodium parasite
. The parasite can be spread to humans through the bites of infected mosquitoes.
What is the importance of malaria?
Abstract. Malaria in pregnancy is one of the most important preventable causes of low birthweight deliveries worldwide. It is also a
major cause of severe maternal anaemia contributing to maternal mortality
. It is estimated that 40% of the world’s pregnant women are exposed to malaria infection during pregnancy.
How can we prevent malaria?
- Wear full sleeve protective clothing.
- Spray insect repellants on your exposed skin. …
- Use a mosquito net over the bed if your bedroom isn’t air-conditioned or screened. …
- When you go out, in addition to spraying insect repellants on your exposed skin, you can also spray on your clothing.
Why is Africa most affected by malaria?
Africa is the most affected due to a combination of factors:
A very efficient mosquito (Anopheles gambiae complex) is responsible for high transmission
. The predominant parasite species is Plasmodium falciparum , which is the species that is most likely to cause severe malaria and death.
How many people have died from malaria?
Disease burden
According to the latest World malaria report, released on 30 November 2020, there were 229 million cases of malaria in 2019 compared to 228 million cases in 2018. The estimated number of malaria deaths stood at
409 000 in 2019
, compared with 411 000 deaths in 2018.
Is malaria a poverty disease?
Malaria is
commonly recognized as a disease of poverty
(Gallup & Sachs 2001; Sachs & Malaney 2002; World Health Organization/UNICEF 2003). At the global level, malaria incidence is concentrated in the world’s poorest countries, with 90% of malaria deaths occurring in sub-Saharan Africa (World Health Organization 2002).
What is the survival rate for malaria?
The average malaria mortality by gender was
44.9% for females and 55.1% for males
. The age of death varied from 0 to 96 years, with an average age of 25.9 (SE = 0.79) years old. January presented the highest average of malaria deaths, and urban areas presented a lower crude malaria mortality rate.
What are environmental factors?
Environmental factors include
temperature, food, pollutants, population density, sound, light, and parasites
. The diversity of environmental stresses that have been shown to cause an increase in asymmetry is probably not exclusive; many other kinds of stress might provide similar effects.
What are the host risk factors of malaria?
Age is a key risk factor for severe malaria: children in malaria endemic areas develop immunity to severe malaria more rapidly than immunity that reduces parasite burden
25
. Separately, host
genetic factors like hemoglobin AS and AC
reduce the risk of severe malaria.
