Canalized traits are
phenotypically expressed only in particular environments or genetic backgrounds
and become available for natural selection, a mechanism that can lead to the assimilation of novel traits.
What is the definition of canalized?
transitive verb. 1a :
to provide with a canal or channel
. b : to make into or similar to a canal. 2 : to provide with an outlet especially : to direct into preferred channels.
Why is canalization important?
Canalization
reflects the capacity of an organism’s developmental process to maintain a constant phenotype in spite of perturbations
. This concept was first introduced by Waddington [1], who noticed the striking robustness properties of the development in complex organisms.
What is canalization in biology?
Canalization is
the tendency for development of a specific genotype to follow the same trajectory under different conditions
(different environments or different genetic backgrounds), while developmental stability is the tendency for the development of a specific genotype to follow the same trajectory under the same …
Is an example of a highly canalized trait?
An example of a highly canalized behavior is
motor development
(we will all walk sooner or later) and an example of a not- canalized behavior is intelligence (we will all be smart but not everyone is going to be Einstein and we can’t really predict who will be smart and who won’t.
What is a strongly canalized trait?
STRONGLY canalized trait =
highly influenced by genes
. Reaction Range. Genotype provides a particular range and pattern within which a phenotype is expressed depending on the environment.
Is intelligence a canalized trait?
The degree to which a trait or an ability of one individual is similar to that of another, between children and their biological/adoptive parents. … Conversely, intelligence is
a trait that is NOT deeply canalized
and is therefore much more variable in its outcome than walking or sitting.
What does cannibalization mean?
transitive verb. 1a :
to take salvageable parts from
(something, such as a disabled machine) for use in building or repairing another machine. b : to make use of (a part taken from one thing) in building, repairing, or creating something else.
What is canalization in psychology?
in psychology,
the channeling by an organism of its needs into fixed patterns of gratification
, for example, food or recreational preferences.
Is Analysation a word?
noun.
The action or process of analysing
; analysis.
Is PP genotype or phenotype?
A simple example to illustrate genotype as distinct from phenotype is the flower colour in pea plants (see Gregor Mendel). There are three available genotypes, PP (
homozygous dominant
), Pp (heterozygous), and pp (homozygous recessive).
What is range of reaction?
In genetics, reaction range (also known as range of reaction) is
when the phenotype (expressed characteristics) of an organism depends both on the organism’s genetic characteristics (genotype) and the environment
. For instance, two siblings raised together can have radically different IQs and natural talents.
Can phenotypic plasticity evolve?
If there is variation among genotypes in their phenotypic plasticity and this variation is under selection,
plasticity itself can evolve
(Via, 1993). … Phenotypic plasticity may buffer populations against natural selection in the short term.
When was canalization invented?
In the 1940s
, Conrad Hal Waddington coined the concept and term “canalization” to describe the robustness of phenotypes to perturbation; a similar concept was proposed by Waddington’s contemporary Ivan Ivanovich Schmalhausen. This paper reviews what has been learned about canalization since Waddington.
Who invented canalisation?
The term was coined in 1942 by
C. H. Waddington
to capture the fact that “developmental reactions, as they occur in organisms submitted to natural selection…are adjusted so as to bring about one definite end-result regardless of minor variations in conditions during the course of the reaction”.
What is Canalizing selection?
Their main conjecture was the existence of a special kind of stabilizing selection, so-called canalizing selection, which
favors genotypes that deviate least from the trait optimum
(e.g., the fitness optimum), by selecting for genetic mechanisms that suppress phenotypic variation caused by mutations (genetic …
